Exposing Steemit Voting Collusion [6 potential voting rings found]
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Introduction:
What is a voting ring: In this context, the algorithm works by finding the ratio of common votes (among a group of users) over the sum of uncommon votes and total votes. High ratios are potential rings. (This is an early stage algorithm, please do not be concerned or offended if your name is included in a potential ring. Nobody is accusing you of anything.)
The Vote Ring Detection Algorithm is commonly used on social media platforms which involve systems of upvoting (Eg. points on Reddit) and with the stakes even more valuable when real money is involved, this seems like a natural application of the algorithm to determine if we can crack down on voting rings on Steemit.
This is my first trial of such a hypothesis and the results of my experiment are below. Please note that I have queried the most recent 100 'active' posts on Steemit. A larger sample size would of course be more intuitive but the steem api did not seem to permit larger sizes. I am open to suggestions as to a better criteria to filter on. Most recent posts was not suited as there was often zero or very few upvotes on the posts by this stage. Furthermore, hot posts tend to dilute the voting rings which makes them less significant. So for now I have opted for the "active" criteria.
Overview of method:
- query steem api and get 100 hits.
- prepare these hits into a csv format with python script for the voting collusion algorithm to then process.
- receive algorithms output and prepare the data for this post!
The results:
Ring # 1 found: http://www.steemit.com/bitcoin/@craig-grant/ethereum-bitcoin-monero-dash-and-steem-with-morning-coffee
| Ring Size | Votes in Ring | Votes outside Ring | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| 134 | 134 | 0 | 1 |
User in this ring: 
@saryan, 
@partrician1, 
@thebookofuma, 
@vinayakn, 
@archerbest, 
@rhonob, 
@boren, 
@yoto, 
@steemitwahine, 
@bearone, 
@sambo-rambo, 
@glasnicce.shoots, 
@chitty, 
@gardenlady, 
@piedpiper, 
@dimimp, 
@beervangeer, 
@mammasitta, 
@mctiller, 
@michaellamden68, 
@britvr, 
@kakradetome, 
@riscadox, 
@jackkang, 
@furion, 
@nepalipahad, 
@exyle, 
@shredlord, 
@james212, 
@ajay555, 
@mondeja, 
@alsprinting, 
@krabgat, 
@npl77, 
@rznag, 
@youngkim, 
@ap2002, 
@elena000, 
@almerri, 
@awgbibb, 
@telos, 
@andrewawerdna, 
@nick1989, 
@daniel82, 
@trendwizard, 
@holoz0r, 
@noggfresh, 
@totosky, 
@lifebyadam, 
@heroic15397, 
@makis84, 
@insteadofmoney, 
@steemsports, 
@steemtv, 
@steemvoter, 
@muks, 
@carlosgarcia, 
@soundlegion, 
@sdwahine, 
@steeming4, 
@mornevd, 
@dragon40, 
@prezident0001, 
@roydowding, 
@sebastianjago, 
@mattandcristina, 
@ryanthegecko, 
@mytechcrunch, 
@corvuscoraxx, 
@dovetail, 
@ligrev, 
@marcelbraendle, 
@steemian69, 
@saikababii, 
@ceres, 
@hebrew, 
@anwarabdullah, 
@maryfavour, 
@ghostwriter82, 
@boxmining, 
@harleymechanix, 
@kyoubrian, 
@malonmar, 
@cryptokid003, 
@torem-di-torem, 
@andrianna, 
@blackamine, 
@albertoyago, 
@adamhole, 
@datkrazykid, 
@fatboyjames, 
@bloomberg215, 
@nschairer, 
@topsnav, 
@buster544, 
@bryguy, 
@sqamemal, 
@greencrypto, 
@gordonovich, 
@meme.for.steem, 
@sorinagt, 
@artemisia, 
@instantcoin, 
@popponayashelly, 
@doc-speakeasy, 
@abcdoctor, 
@raffael, 
@stefanarud, 
@reisolutions, 
@thomasaquinasftw, 
@rlh100, 
@skytrex, 
@cryptocat, 
@rizasukma, 
@ijoel, 
@futuristgear, 
@licklake, 
@newprepper, 
@haywiree, 
@alexanderglass, 
@roomservice, 
@cryptoactive, 
@lykencrypto, 
@boyetyamasaki, 
@cretin, 
@korinis, 
@almaamor, 
@sune-r-h-p, 
@tizswa, 
@buguela89, 
@jigarparmar519, 
@lupin, 
@arunava, 
@steve-speaks
Ring # 2 found: http://www.steemit.com/chainbb-general/@linuslee0216/let-s-celebrate-just-reach-100-followers-2017613t20455359z
| Ring Size | Votes in Ring | Votes outside Ring | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| 223 | 223 | 1 | 0.9911111111111112 |
User in this ring: 
@thomaskikansha, 
@chingyi, 
@brothermic, 
@crypt07, 
@chaudhry, 
@stay9n0, 
@aaronli, 
@danielle13, 
@dim1331, 
@berkah, 
@xeldal, 
@adol, 
@hr1, 
@xeroc, 
@steem-id, 
@lovejoy, 
@nenad-ristic, 
@hipster, 
@instructor2121, 
@pal, 
@lola-carola, 
@blakemiles84, 
@pangur-ban, 
@dana-varahi, 
@tee-em, 
@michaelx, 
@albertogm, 
@crok, 
@tyler-fletcher, 
@razvanelulmarin, 
@venuspcs, 
@sgtechservices, 
@good-karma, 
@roelandp, 
@nerdlab, 
@stranger27, 
@gatoso, 
@on0tole, 
@anasya, 
@vl248, 
@sveokla, 
@marinabogumil, 
@cloh76, 
@dwinblood, 
@condra, 
@raymondspeaks, 
@kell234, 
@hyiparena, 
@rouketas, 
@fiveboringgames, 
@konti, 
@fiona777, 
@phenom, 
@bitcoiner, 
@sharker, 
@zaebars, 
@mysteem, 
@winstonwolfe, 
@happyphoenix, 
@kooshikoo, 
@fatboy, 
@tygergamer, 
@bkkshadow, 
@smailer, 
@dmilash, 
@dirty.hera, 
@gomeravibz, 
@litrbooh, 
@always1success, 
@letc, 
@brendio, 
@mama-steem, 
@yoshiko, 
@stephen.king989, 
@uuuhha, 
@romancs, 
@ipumba, 
@krishtopa, 
@future24, 
@cmorton, 
@mythras, 
@vegascomic, 
@nano2nd, 
@dollarvigilante, 
@anotherjoe, 
@serejandmyself, 
@demo, 
@skylineking88, 
@ethansteem, 
@mrlogic, 
@barrycooper, 
@sethlinson, 
@shadowspub, 
@leno4ek, 
@nulliusinverba, 
@charlie777pt, 
@randomli, 
@nadin3, 
@xanoxt, 
@victoriart, 
@tatianka, 
@kralizec, 
@benjamin.still, 
@ebargains, 
@elena-singer, 
@dexter-k, 
@charlieshrem, 
@tracemayer, 
@feruz, 
@burnin, 
@anton333, 
@ekaterinka, 
@michelle.gent, 
@bestofreddit, 
@worldtraveler, 
@borishaifa, 
@okean123, 
@haphazard-hstead, 
@fortinbuff, 
@luzcypher, 
@grisha-danunaher, 
@rymlen, 
@killbis, 
@htyfn, 
@rusteemitblog, 
@ninkhisibir, 
@orenshani7, 
@therajmahal, 
@steemtrail, 
@marel, 
@luismy, 
@steemlift, 
@marialin, 
@steemvest17, 
@astral, 
@tdv.witness, 
@ebryans, 
@jessamynorchard, 
@max-max, 
@sstefan, 
@steemaccess, 
@garvofe, 
@innafanz, 
@hansikhouse, 
@maxse, 
@gardening-trail, 
@foraging-trail, 
@nikflossus, 
@baerdric, 
@alex1983ch, 
@technovedanta, 
@esteemapp, 
@yadamaniart, 
@ourlifestory, 
@irawandedy, 
@steemittalk, 
@beeskee, 
@v4vapid, 
@gildar, 
@saleg25, 
@soushi888, 
@meysam, 
@steemnews.online, 
@michaeladamparis, 
@lastminuteman, 
@things, 
@triddin, 
@cheah, 
@internutter, 
@marcosespes1, 
@fiction-trail, 
@kostaslou, 
@jasonrussell, 
@fbechstein, 
@poetry-trail, 
@killinhersoftly, 
@elgeko, 
@bounties, 
@steempoll, 
@cgame, 
@blockchained, 
@ogochukwu, 
@paolobeneforti, 
@maninayton, 
@cfreidsma, 
@torkot, 
@libertylol, 
@frocush, 
@vadbars, 
@carbunco10, 
@heikomahr, 
@mckenziegary, 
@crawfish37, 
@unmean-stweets, 
@steemfactory, 
@singa, 
@tipping, 
@thecrazygm, 
@sidwrites, 
@leanvix, 
@itchykitten, 
@tremendospercy, 
@reconnectnature, 
@lenadr, 
@readmore, 
@gohba.handcrafts, 
@tj4real, 
@vaibhavshah, 
@taica, 
@xenitron, 
@royalko, 
@jimsparkle, 
@nuagnorab, 
@victorier, 
@linuslee0216, 
@petkovski, 
@ercpok, 
@chl, 
@zenprogressive, 
@minnyfatty, 
@fzfred, 
@droucil, 
@shirish5
Ring # 3 found: http://www.steemit.com/steemit/@meesterboom/unstoppable-an-animation
| Ring Size | Votes in Ring | Votes outside Ring | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| 306 | 306 | 0 | 1 |
User in this ring: 
@fatkid, 
@shirrou, 
@amvanaken, 
@bewe, 
@adhoctoth, 
@jaymacvapes, 
@amristeem, 
@jerrev, 
@jaynectar, 
@anzhu, 
@bufferxtech, 
@avikal, 
@stervocka, 
@bitsbetrippin, 
@minhaj.zee, 
@finance2nomad, 
@jimybpt, 
@kenshiu, 
@slackerstacker, 
@hashbrown, 
@gasser484, 
@avercetti, 
@mrilevi, 
@ritualjunkie, 
@demco, 
@alejotorress, 
@shadowmonk, 
@djbk, 
@cbennett94, 
@oxicleanedjamal, 
@cryptovest, 
@karmamichele, 
@cryptogaming, 
@inalav, 
@sandy143007, 
@nhuanvolter, 
@princekhiwaliya, 
@bernardrussell, 
@umit, 
@jasnxxx, 
@shawnpady, 
@hussnainrazakhan, 
@sohaib1, 
@sneakydevill, 
@niallsemple, 
@unipaint, 
@humannature, 
@proctologic, 
@yefet, 
@makishart, 
@gregory-f, 
@nomoreheroes7, 
@cyan91, 
@gavvet, 
@richman, 
@avarice, 
@acidyo, 
@hossary, 
@steve-walschot, 
@klye, 
@oaldamster, 
@cryptofunk, 
@dragonslayer109, 
@thecryptodrive, 
@peter-parker, 
@infovore, 
@mark-waser, 
@norbu, 
@grey580, 
@juanmora, 
@matt-a, 
@yogi.artist, 
@cryptochannel, 
@slowwalker, 
@jacor, 
@steemit-life, 
@senseiteekay, 
@alone, 
@speda, 
@igster, 
@meesterboom, 
@juvyjabian, 
@gregm, 
@hastla, 
@kendewitt, 
@the-future, 
@mynameisbrian, 
@sgnsteems, 
@opheliafu, 
@jens84, 
@sauravrungta, 
@crazymumzysa, 
@ace108, 
@michaeldodridge, 
@sazbird, 
@bullionstackers, 
@walkerlv, 
@nekromarinist, 
@theprophet0, 
@merej99, 
@reneenouveau, 
@andrew0, 
@lenatramper, 
@joele, 
@denisoi, 
@theabsolute, 
@hanshotfirst, 
@lordvader, 
@bledarus, 
@wakeupjohnny, 
@wisbeech, 
@tolik8080, 
@creadordelfuturo, 
@levycore, 
@englishtchrivy, 
@jlufer, 
@uwelang, 
@davidjkelley, 
@digital-wisdom, 
@ethical-ai, 
@matthewtiii, 
@triplep, 
@jwaser, 
@mixacool, 
@damarth, 
@bwaser, 
@renzoarg, 
@cleateles, 
@bontonstory, 
@ellepdub, 
@pickoum, 
@herpetologyguy, 
@ocrdu, 
@s0u1, 
@lajulius, 
@morgan.waser, 
@bonvivan, 
@awesomenyl, 
@strong-ai, 
@projectnewbie, 
@ivand83, 
@tata.lucette, 
@bleujay, 
@lydon.sipe, 
@aldentan, 
@wakeupsheeps, 
@giantbear, 
@keuudeip, 
@mokluc, 
@joshuaatiemo, 
@eroche, 
@whatageek, 
@johnrenald, 
@crowdfundedwhale, 
@trans-juanmi, 
@collabornation, 
@technoprogressiv, 
@damiendecoster, 
@finder, 
@tradeqwik, 
@enju614, 
@dreemit, 
@juliosalas, 
@madlenfox, 
@colin-porter, 
@fibra59, 
@riostarr, 
@inber, 
@lazariko12, 
@sardrt, 
@automaton, 
@fisteganos, 
@da-dawn, 
@eem, 
@mariaalmeida, 
@tiowaldecir, 
@buzzbeergeek, 
@fleur, 
@decentralizd, 
@elementm, 
@lunatichai, 
@steemlifestyle, 
@eddiejmc51, 
@timvloggt, 
@muhammadrizal, 
@btu, 
@robert-call, 
@trevis, 
@zuheimi, 
@emonandels, 
@couch-potato, 
@carloserp2000, 
@connecteconomy, 
@natorious, 
@dracosalieri, 
@detlev, 
@myvoter, 
@qwesttexas, 
@skririm, 
@looftee, 
@fingersik, 
@razorborn, 
@steveitt, 
@marxrab, 
@cryptodragon313, 
@ctrl-alt-nwo, 
@crazykipps, 
@hackerwhacker, 
@rolf.bakker, 
@contentguy, 
@graveric60, 
@dankh, 
@passion-fruit, 
@david777111, 
@betag, 
@richard78624, 
@queenpine, 
@c86l, 
@billyjohnsonart, 
@wonka, 
@sighmanjestah, 
@minotaura, 
@cobramovin, 
@dazanar, 
@mandagoi, 
@etcbits, 
@papascrubs, 
@clysse, 
@jznsamuel, 
@eliel, 
@indepthstory, 
@ericwoelk, 
@stadsmanneke, 
@hebro, 
@user786, 
@laloelectrix, 
@elprofe62, 
@youknow212012, 
@scottish01, 
@bnt, 
@budimir, 
@recrypto, 
@matiasrodrigo, 
@uruiamme, 
@mk40, 
@datosin, 
@patasieduagh, 
@cityofzanj, 
@arqetype, 
@ally1of4, 
@vmsolutionsltd, 
@ubertec, 
@carwilva, 
@frostyamber, 
@babes-mm, 
@gichan, 
@justcallmemyth, 
@warriorlion, 
@yaoyeguard, 
@flepmajoor, 
@chrisx, 
@skyrex, 
@azethine, 
@doughnutsmuggler, 
@tonygags, 
@enomujjass, 
@pf-coin, 
@debugger, 
@sahar.meshkin, 
@dxgam, 
@mintsauce, 
@ridi20, 
@dattabitcoin, 
@jungleebitcoin, 
@king-aceh, 
@jony, 
@ritsjert, 
@shehryar, 
@hintenberg, 
@oromisglaedr, 
@nickdavison, 
@digitizemycash, 
@capitalpink, 
@scribblexio, 
@digital-gypsy, 
@coinmeister, 
@gose, 
@john1981, 
@skaylap, 
@tuakanamorgan, 
@edb1984, 
@cantribute, 
@v0nd, 
@anacristinasilva, 
@joecoleman, 
@mcfelix15, 
@aworandx, 
@qzsg, 
@minjun, 
@paugamit, 
@infidel100, 
@surgeo, 
@kenhudoy, 
@chedo, 
@diverse-thinker, 
@johnlue
Ring # 4 found: http://www.steemit.com/steem/@leesunmoo/successtrainer
| Ring Size | Votes in Ring | Votes outside Ring | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| 149 | 149 | 0 | 1 |
User in this ring: 
@inverse, 
@woojin, 
@mooncat4289, 
@jingdol, 
@muyoung, 
@sophiamom, 
@signalandnoise, 
@vip, 
@morning, 
@ninzacode, 
@leesunmoo, 
@jay4u, 
@btcbtcbtc20155, 
@sokoloffa, 
@lsc9999, 
@kview, 
@kopasi, 
@ssm1810, 
@tommycoin, 
@stylo, 
@jyp, 
@inchonbitcoin, 
@dubi, 
@ksc, 
@sigizzang, 
@arama, 
@twinbraid, 
@lhy, 
@kachinhenry, 
@sanghkaang, 
@chromium, 
@very, 
@dongu, 
@superremnant, 
@july01, 
@votelotto, 
@steemexwon, 
@foodmap, 
@steem-myanmar, 
@gotoperson, 
@neojew, 
@neogia, 
@cljg918, 
@abduhawab, 
@yuslindwi, 
@gifmaster, 
@mandela, 
@intrepidthinker, 
@anemona, 
@jondahl, 
@behappy7, 
@seongbuk, 
@gogumacat, 
@m8586, 
@bitcoinsig, 
@onizuka, 
@coinkorea, 
@fernandam, 
@jazznism, 
@maa, 
@goldenman, 
@jongyeong, 
@thatgermandude, 
@ludorum, 
@toru, 
@martin007, 
@tworld, 
@kskarthik, 
@changkyun07, 
@venti, 
@cherryblossoms, 
@ludorum-pick, 
@innovit, 
@bosman, 
@daystar, 
@insic, 
@ihsan, 
@pys, 
@palejack, 
@koreaculture, 
@toran, 
@escher, 
@temps88, 
@musicholic, 
@pyorinho, 
@maruchi, 
@teora, 
@lastofw, 
@shinidanitv, 
@ki844, 
@leomichael, 
@jeongmincha, 
@jaguarb612, 
@toptimist, 
@nemjun, 
@jonver, 
@kaliam, 
@mattchoi, 
@gunchul, 
@usim, 
@uplus, 
@choind, 
@waystobecalm, 
@freshstuff, 
@rdccsteem, 
@acceptkim, 
@soyo, 
@boostyou, 
@danbain, 
@teojin0503, 
@oldtaste, 
@successtrainer, 
@ghana531, 
@ammonoidea, 
@krdoko, 
@hangeul, 
@sbg, 
@yoona7487, 
@leesongyi, 
@dmy, 
@kim0jh0, 
@sunnnside, 
@coinist, 
@zusteemit, 
@azathoth1942, 
@iieeiieeii, 
@philipkoon, 
@benniebanana, 
@yoons, 
@huchu, 
@laivla, 
@geusgod, 
@bemore, 
@tuvero, 
@steemit-korea, 
@steemfuzzy, 
@meadowolf, 
@minsa66, 
@heejin, 
@no1wolf, 
@beajinsu, 
@yidar, 
@nkc79, 
@korecaster, 
@pald, 
@zweiblue, 
@snow-airline, 
@foooodman, 
@kyongkyulee
Ring # 5 found: http://www.steemit.com/blockchain/@mericanhomestead/my-last-youtube-video-freeing-my-subscribers-you-don-t-have-to-be-held-hostage-anymore
| Ring Size | Votes in Ring | Votes outside Ring | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| 158 | 158 | 0 | 1 |
User in this ring: 
@rafael1983, 
@dwells, 
@lovleacloud, 
@pennsif, 
@pennies, 
@mongosmash, 
@jtitus07, 
@beatitudes8, 
@pizzamacgyver, 
@warriormom, 
@jarobbins11, 
@hopespringsetrnl, 
@essentialoilmom, 
@mamahubbard, 
@joce289, 
@gulfcoastgardner, 
@gordoe, 
@joshua-1, 
@chikkadea, 
@jeremiad, 
@k1k1, 
@hotham, 
@northofatlanta, 
@tuck-fheman, 
@nikolai, 
@full-measure, 
@arcaneinfo, 
@artem-sokoloff, 
@tommyquest, 
@ausbitbank, 
@fulltimegeek, 
@khursani, 
@bitland, 
@krystle, 
@adamt, 
@animus, 
@bola, 
@arcurus, 
@papa-pepper, 
@brianphobos, 
@jasonstaggers, 
@tommycordero, 
@jhonprinces, 
@joshsigurdson, 
@themonetaryfew, 
@runridefly, 
@sammie, 
@daveks, 
@freeinthought, 
@ghasemkiani, 
@titusfrost, 
@allyouneedtoknow, 
@yuriks2000, 
@rigaronib, 
@inarix03, 
@lucashunter, 
@wakeupworldnews, 
@ianstrat, 
@shady, 
@geggi632, 
@chromiumone, 
@kennethbosak, 
@tigercats, 
@little-peppers, 
@a-condor, 
@ijavee, 
@azlicr, 
@honusurf, 
@macstyly, 
@eyeofthestorm, 
@sawang, 
@plainof6glaciers, 
@estronitex, 
@pbock, 
@mutant-x, 
@toniesteem, 
@grandpa-pepper, 
@truthceeker333, 
@charxrid, 
@moksamol, 
@patrickmohr, 
@froghollow, 
@dune69, 
@makecents, 
@omninova, 
@nap-g, 
@roadkill, 
@joklahoma, 
@barbara-orenya, 
@garden-to-eat, 
@greenacrehome, 
@schlees, 
@eggmeister, 
@opinizeunltd, 
@scorchdojo, 
@shahzadnisar, 
@jiva34, 
@thelemicdragon93, 
@rohnsleather, 
@robc, 
@nristen, 
@countryprepper, 
@greyman, 
@thelionwithinus, 
@securedcomputer, 
@cheapassbastard, 
@timmo3663, 
@urbansimplicity, 
@raincountry, 
@bucko, 
@gregorythomas, 
@mkcmst, 
@saved4newlife, 
@simms50, 
@daddykirbs, 
@mygraymatter, 
@drprepper, 
@lifewright, 
@unclemike, 
@gardener, 
@ironshield, 
@papermill2006, 
@bthompson, 
@jacoblesterread, 
@marillaanne, 
@stormriderstudio, 
@bernz78, 
@benzomatic, 
@maxdevalue, 
@lokii, 
@henaynei, 
@beyondmountains, 
@travelersmemoire, 
@afhusna786, 
@theywillkillyou, 
@whytedragons, 
@gyanibilli, 
@bakermom, 
@dafinds, 
@nolongerignored, 
@benjust123, 
@freetissues, 
@engineertomas, 
@sandhillson, 
@thehomesteadlife, 
@raynewman729, 
@ernstjan, 
@minighomestead, 
@jenwen, 
@stortebeker, 
@olinweisz, 
@gregandsandyk, 
@agilblade, 
@flightgod, 
@piggypower, 
@nuedareniel, 
@blaze007, 
@inanna
Ring # 6 found: http://www.steemit.com/introduceyourself/@marle718/hola-comunidad-de-steemit
| Ring Size | Votes in Ring | Votes outside Ring | Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| 47 | 47 | 1 | 0.9591836734693876 |
User in this ring: 
@etnique, 
@jupiter5, 
@marle718, 
@ivan-perez-anies, 
@juanmiguelsalas, 
@heiditravels, 
@avellana, 
@twinner, 
@gargon, 
@pgarcgo, 
@wartrapa, 
@efrageek, 
@moisesmcardona, 
@albagargon, 
@joaquinpixan, 
@nomadnessie, 
@crowe, 
@titin, 
@betamusic, 
@jgcastrillo19, 
@juliamateo, 
@teo, 
@dresden, 
@alfredozofio, 
@dulcinea, 
@mdcomes, 
@cervantes, 
@aniestudio, 
@assus, 
@jorlenbolivar, 
@tamim, 
@loreennaa, 
@teacher, 
@tincho, 
@fidel-castro, 
@mckenzie259, 
@acromott, 
@clacrax, 
@osmerj, 
@gmaktub, 
@oscarcc89, 
@kilianmiguel, 
@bwmiao, 
@adipranatahendi, 
@joseluishimself, 
@lrsm13, 
@cindycam
Please let me know what you think of this experiment and help come up with better ways I can improve it to accurately eliminate voting rings from Steem! :)
Also please comment, vote and resteem if you found this post interesting :)