Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #20. cAMP Mediates Signal Transduction from EP4 Receptor Resulting in Secretion of Renin from the JG Cell
This article states that The juxtraglomerular granular has EP4 (and EP2) prostanoid receptors that respond to PGE2. There receptors are coupled to G proteins which in turn activate the adenylil cyclase
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #19. Angiotensin II Stimulates the Na/H Exchangers of the Macula Densa Cells
This article shows the activity of angiotensin II with respect to NHE exchangers. It is known that the macula densa (MD) apical exchanger is the NHE2 isoform and the basolateral one is the NH4 isoform.
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #18. ATP Causes Vasoconstriction of the Afferent Arteriole Through P2X and P2Y Receptors
This article reviews the presence of P2Y receptors in the kidney. It has a section on the renal vasculature. At the level of the smooth muscle of the afferent arteriole (AA) P2Y1 and P2Y4 receptors mediate
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #17. A1 Adenosine Receptors are Present in the Smooth Muscle of the Afferent Arteriole
This article shows the fact that A1 adenosine receptors are present in the smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole (AA). The tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response involves the vasoconstriction
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #15. ATP is Released Through Large Channels at the Basolateral Membrane of the Macula Densa Cells
This article shows that ATP can be released through the basolateral membrane of the macula densa (MD) cells. There is a maxi anion channel which is activated by sodium chloride (volume). ATP uses this
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #14. The Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells Participate in the Signaling of the TGF
This article demonstrates that the extraglomerular mesangial cells are important in the communication between the macula densa (MD) and the afferent arteriole. The integrity of the extraglomerular mesangial
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #13. Macula Densa Cell Depolarization Mediates Release of ATP When There is Increase in Sodium Chloride
This article shows that the sequence for the release of ATP from the macula densa (MD) cells is probably as follow: Increased GFR causes an increase in the sodium chloride concentration reaching the macula
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #12. Angiotensin II Effects are Different in the Afferent and Efferent Arterioles
This article states that the AT1 receptor mediates vasoconstriction in the afferent and efferent arterioles. This is done by signaling using Gq/11-protein and protein kinase C activation. Angiotensin II
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #11. Angiotensin II, Mediated by AT1 Receptors, Stimulates Nitric Oxide Release in Afferent Arterioles
This article showed that the AT1 receptor mediates the production of nitric oxide at the level of the afferent arteriole. This other article shows that angiotensin II, through the AT1 receptor in endothelial
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #10. Angiotensin II Acts on the Afferent and Efferent Arterioles, But Increases More Resistance in the Efferent Arteriole
This article from the year 2000 shows the effects of angiotensin II in the afferent (AA)and efferent arterioles (EA) in the kidney. As we know, the AT1 receptor is present in the AA and the EA. In the
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #9. The Juxtaglomerular Granular Cells are More Numerous in the Afferent Arteriole
This article expresses the fact that the juxtaglomerular granular (JG) cells are present in the afferent arteriole, the efferent arteriole and the extraglomerular mesangium. However, they are much more
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #8. The EP4 Receptor in the Juxtaglomerular Granular Cells Seems to be the Most Important for the Action of PGE2
This article shows that the EP4 receptor for PGE2 in the juxtaglomerular (JG) granular cell is the main one necessary for signaling the production of renin. The stimulation of the EP4 receptor by an agonist
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #7. Inhibition of nNOS in the Macula Densa leads to an Exaggerated TGF Response
This article is a review article that mentions that the inhibition of the production of nitric oxide (NO) in macula densa (MD) cells leads to an exaggerated TGF response. An exaggerated TGF response in
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #6. MAP Kinases are Activated by Low Tubular NaCl and Stimulate COX-2 Expression
This article evidences how low sodium chloride concentrations cause macula densa (MD) cells to phosphorylate (activate) MAP kinases. This activation is key for the increased expression of COX-2. The MAP
Tubuloglomerular Feedback Series #3. The Macula Densa Cells May Sense Tubular Salt Content Using a NHE2 Exchanger
This article shows how the presence of NHE2 in the apex of the macula densa (MD) cells can be involved in the sensing of low salt content in the tubular fluid. The signal that would determine the ultimate