It is assumed that Dubrovnik originated in the 7th century. These new cognitions are based on the discovery of the ruins of the cathedral that was located on the site of today's cathedral. The old founders of Dubrovnik, fleeing from the Avars from the devastated Epidaurus (today's Cavtat ), came to the island rock Laus under the Srđ Mountains and settled there. Over time, the island rock connected with the land part of today's Dubrovnik, at that time under the name Dubrava, by filling the canal on which today is one of the more famous Dubrovnik streets Placa ( Stradun ). Dubrovnik was initially part of the Dalmatian topic and recognized the power of Byzantium . The first time in history documents is mentioned 850. years. About 992 . it was burned by the Macedonian Emperor Samuil. At the end of the 10th century , the Archbishopric and Metropolitanate of Dubrovnik were founded . At that time, he became a church independent from Split . From 1205 . acknowledges the power of Venice , which lasts until 1358 . At the time of the Venetian rule, the Dubrovnikites raised three rebels, but they could not be freed from the Venetian authorities.
Development of the republic
Although it was recognized by the authorities of Venice, Dubrovnik had a certain form of autonomy, because it chose the Little and the Grand Council , the Senate , and other bodies of the city self-government. The city is 1272 . got a statute . In Dubrovnik, trade is developing very early, especially with the hinterland, primarily with Bosnia in the era of Kulina bana .
At the time of Raška's rise, Dubrovnik successfully defended its attacks. In the 13th century, the authorities of Dubrovnik grew to a wider urban area and neighboring territories. Thus, Lastovo voluntarily joins Dubrovnik, and since 1333 . within the Republic of Dubrovnik is the Ston war with Ston . Mljet is part of the Republic in 1345.
Ston had a great strategic significance for Dubrovnik, because it could thus control the sailing around the mouth of the Neretva River and in the Mljet Channel . The area of Ston to Zaton , Dubrovnik Republic is ensured when the end of the 14th century from Bosnia bought Konavle . At that time, the borders of the Republic were established, which from the end of the 14th century are recognized by all Dubrovnik's neighbors.
Zadar Peace 1358 . Venice's estates on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea belonged to the Hungarian-Croatian state, so Dubrovnik as part of Dalmatia came under the power of the Hungarian ruler. Dubrovnik accepted the royal supremacy ( Ludovik I ) and paid a tribute of 500 ducats , thus securing it from the Venice attack.
Since that time, Dubrovnik is increasingly building its independence and independence. The princes are elected by the Dubrovnik themselves, and after the death of Ludovic I in 1380, they are developing into an independent state.
Procvat Republike
In the Republic of Dubrovnik, which was organized as a patrician republic, the authorities had the authorities gathered in the Great Council . The big council was picked up by city officials. The Council of Smokers (the government), also known as the Little Council . The prince was elected for a month. Dubrovnik did not have a permanent army, but only guards and guards, and if necessary, he took mercenaries. In the 15th century, it had about 40,000 inhabitants.
Dubrovnik is experiencing its flourishing in the 16th century , when Dubrovnikians successfully establish trade links with the Ottomans , who pay tribute in cash and goods. At the same time, they maintain the freedom, independence and free trade privileges throughout the Ottoman Empire . Dubrovnik have already had their foothills in the Balkans and are successfully developing trade with Port, but also with Italy and Spain .
It is engaged in mining , agricultural and cattle products, manufactured goods, salt and others. In the 16th century Dubrovnik had a strong navy , with about 180 ships. Dubrovnik ships transported goods from foreign merchants, sailed the Mediterranean coasts and reached all the way to England .
The basis for the economic development of Dubrovnik was maritime trade and trade with surrounding areas (especially medieval Bosnia), but also crafts . In the 15th century, the first workshops for the production of skirts , glass and soap are organized . At that time, Dubrovnik had educational, social, communal and economic institutions. In the 16th century thanks to trade and maritime, substantial funds are accumulating in Dubrovnik. Strong trade and maritime companies are being built, but social differences are deepening among the citizens, so they are even more richly equated with the owner . The city of Dubrovnik is built with income from crafts and trade.
The Republic had its flag , the coat of arms and the army . It has established a diverse network of diplomatic and commercial representations in many European countries. Their interests at the courts of European rulers were represented by the saints , while the consulates protected the interests of Dubrovnik seafarers around the world.
An important protector of Dubrovnik's freedom was Spain , and the greatest enemy of her independence and freedom is an eternal rival, Venice .
In the second half of the 16th century the power of Dubrovnik fell. The causes are in the great geographical discoveries and the revolution of the price that devalues money . Dubrovnik bankers were less invested in shipping and crafts because of the lack of capital, and the competition of French, English and Dutch seafarers was growing.
Decline of the City and the Republic
Godine 1667 . Dubrovnik destroyed a powerful earthquake , in which a large number of Dubrovnik people were killed, while many buildings were demolished.
The earthquake of 1667 was not the only event that caused the decline of the power of the Dubrovnik Republic. Namely, with the discovery of America's trade routes, they moved to the Atlantic , the Split scaffold built by the Venetians, and the fact that they no longer had a monopoly on trade with the Ottomans, some of the main causes. The earthquake, and then the fire, is just the crown of all the misfortunes that Dubrovnik was at that time.
After a centuries-long successful balance between the two superpowers in its surroundings: the Venetian Republic and the Ottoman Empire, a general European offensive against the Ottomans (defeat under Vienna in 1683 , at Mohac in 1687 ) also reflected on Dubrovnik, as the Venetians exploited the weakness of the Ottomans and took the Trebinje district completely cut off Dubrovnik from the Ottoman Empire and the Bosnian hinterland, and brought the city into a very difficult situation. However, peace in Sremski Karlovci in 1699 . Venice had to withdraw from the Popov field and return it to the Ottoman armies, and on that occasion the first systematic division of the Ottoman Empire and Venice into theDalmatia . Once again, the diplomats were relieved of the danger, once again by skillful diplomacy, that Venice surrounded them and separated them from the hinterland.
The fall of the Republic
By the Peace in Pozarevac in 1718 a corridor was built between Neum and Klek , which remained in Bosnia and Herzegovina . Thus, the inhabitants of Dubrovnik and physically separated themselves from Venetian possessions in Dalmatia. During the war with the Ottomans ( 1683 - 1699 ), the inhabitants of Dubrovnik decided to return under the Hungarian-Croatian crown and renewed the 1358 agreement . years. In the 18th century it strengthened the Dubrovnik economy and Dubrovnik built a strong navy. The orientation of the large European naval forces to the Atlantic is used by Dubrovnik to transit the Mediterranean, but its ships sailed across the Atlantic to America .
In the 18th century Dubrovnik had more than 85 consulates . The strongest economic factor was citizenship , since it was ruled by the earthquake in 1667 . prosrijedila.
The Republic of Dubrovnik, shortly after the proclamation of the independence of the United States of America, interested in the development of economic relations with that great independent state, has established a dialogue with the government in Washington with one act, which is misinterpreted as a recognition of independence and the establishment of diplomatic relations, and is particularly ungrounded assertion that the Republic of Dubrovnik was the first country to recognize the United States.
The territorial reorganization in Croatia was part of the old Dubrovnik municipality.
I will share some photography from Dubrovnik.
