🏥Defibrillator🏥
Hola amigos, en esta ocasión les traigo un equipo muy importante para salvar vidas en momentos cruciales dentro y fuera del quirófano, así como dentro y fuera de un hospital. El desfibrilador es un equipo que puede salvar a una persona, pero si se usa mal o no se siguen las medidas de seguridad al usarlo, también puede quitarle la vida a una persona. Si quieres saber más, sigue leyendo y verás lo bueno que es este equipo.
Hello friends, this time I bring you a very important equipment to save lives in crucial moments in and out of the operating room, as well as in and out of a hospital. The defibrillator is a piece of equipment that can save a person, but if it is misused or if safety measures are not followed when using it, it can also take away a person's life. If you want to know more, read on and you will see how great this equipment is.
En abril de 2018, el futbolista Lassad Nouioui, de 32 años, sufrió una fibrilación ventricular durante un entrenamiento; otro caso es el del jugador danés Christian Eriksen, de 29 años, que sufrió una parada cardíaca durante un partido el año pasado, y podría seguir con muchos más casos, como el del jugador de baloncesto Tyvoris Salomon o el del baloncestista Walter Herrmann, que sufrió una arritmia cardíaca durante un partido.
In April 2018, the 32-year-old football player Lassad Nouioui suffered a ventricular fibrillation during training; another case is that of the 29-year-old Danish player Christian Eriksen who suffered a cardiac arrest during a game last year, and I could go on and on with many more cases, such as the basketball player Tyvoris Salomon or the basketball player Walter Herrmann who suffered a cardiac arrhythmia during a game.
Estos atletas tienen algo en común, y es que sobrevivieron porque recibieron una descarga con un desfibrilador a tiempo, otros permanecen con un desfibrilador implantado.
These athletes have one thing in common, which is that they survived because they were shocked with a defibrillator in a timely manner, others remain with an implanted defibrillator.
Para entenderlo, explicaré cuatro conceptos importantes que nos ayudarán a comprender cuándo utilizar un desfibrilador, cuándo no utilizarlo y cómo es el proceso de desfibrilación:
To understand this, I will explain four important concepts that will help us understand when to use a defibrillator, when not to use a defibrillator and what the defibrillation process is like:
- Tachycardia: a rapid heartbeat that may be regular or irregular, but is out of proportion to age and level of physical exertion or activity.
- Bradycardia: slowing of the heart's rate of contraction below 60 beats per minute.
- Cardiac arrhythmia: heartbeat, either irregular, too fast or too slow, occurs when the heart's impulses do not work properly.
Nos vamos a centrar más en este último concepto, ya que son dos los aspectos que dan nombre al desfibrilador, empecemos por él:
We are going to focus more on this last concept, as there are two aspects that give the defibrillator its name, let's start with:
- Ventricular Fibrillation (VF): is the rapid, life-threatening heart rhythm that begins in the lower chambers of the heart.
- Atrial fibrillation (AF): an irregular and occasionally rapid heart rhythm, often resulting in poor blood flow.
Es importante entender que estos dos últimos trastornos pueden llevar a la MUERTE CARDIACA SUBITA y esta no es lo mismo que ataque cardíaco o infarto al miocardio.
It is important to understand that the latter two conditions can lead to SUBITOUS HEART DEATH and this is not the same as a heart attack or myocardial infarction.
Si deseamos sacar a un paciente de un cuadro clínico de Fibrilación Ventricular, se debe hacer mediante una descarga eléctrica, es por esto que se le llama al equipo Desfibrilador. Y si se quiere emplear para sacar a un paciente de una Fibrilación Auricular se le llama Cardioversor.
If we want to get a patient out of a clinical picture of Ventricular Fibrillation, it must be done by means of an electric shock, which is why the equipment is called a Defibrillator. And if we want to remove a patient from Atrial Fibrillation, it is called a Cardioverter.
But what is a Defibrillator, you may ask?
Un desfibrilador es un equipo que suministra de manera programada y controlada, una descarga o choque eléctrico con el fin de corregir un desorden en el ritmo cardíaco.
A defibrillator is a device that delivers a programmed and controlled electrical shock to correct a heart rhythm disorder.
Existen dos tipos de desfibriladores los cuales son:
There are two types of defibrillators, which are:
- External Defibrillators: these include automatic defibrillators (AEDs) and semi-automatic defibrillators (AEDs), used for defibrillation and urgent or programmed electrical cardioversion.
- Internal Defibrillators: these can be implantable/permanent in pre-Atrial Fibrillation patients, or temporary in internal cardioversion, indicated in pre-Atrial Fibrillation patients who do not respond to external cardioversion.
Defibrillation and Cardioversion Method
En amabas técnicas se aplican descargas eléctricas de alto voltaje, hablamos de unos 1500 a 5000 voltios, esto se logra por medio de una paletas o electrodos posicionadas en el pecho del paciente. La única diferencia de una a la otra es que en la desfibrilación se aplican energías mas altas de 2-4 J/Kg de manera asincrónica o brusca; mientras que en la cardioversión son energías de 0.5-1 J/Kg de manera sincronizada con el complejo QRS, específicamente en la onda R.
In both techniques, high voltage electrical shocks are applied, we are talking about 1500 to 5000 volts, this is achieved by means of paddles or electrodes positioned on the patient's chest. The only difference between the two is that in defibrillation, higher energies of 2-4 J/Kg are applied asynchronously or abruptly; whereas in cardioversion, energies of 0.5-1 J/Kg are applied synchronously with the QRS complex, specifically in the R wave.
Factors Influencing Defibrillation Success
- Time: the shorter the time between fibrillation and defibrillation, the greater the likelihood of success; therefore, if the time is longer, the patient may die.
- Position of the paddles: the paddles must be placed in the correct position, otherwise the discharge will not be effective.
- The energy level: the American Heart Association recommends that the first shock should be 200 joules, if this has no effect; the second shock should be between 200 to 300 joules and if this has no effect, the following shocks should be 360 joules.
Existen otros factores, pero estos son unos de los mas importantes, a conocimiento general.
There are other factors, but these are some of the most important ones, as far as is generally known.
Position of the Paddles
Las paletas deben ir de forma tal que el corazón (énfasis en los ventrículos), queden en la trayectoria de la corriente. Debido a que los huesos no son buenos conductores de electricidad, por lo tanto las paletas no deben colocarse sobre el esternón.
The paddles should be placed in such a way that the heart (emphasis on the ventricles) is in the path of the current. Because bones are not good conductors of electricity, therefore the paddles should not be placed on the sternum.
Parts of a Defibrillator
- 1. Paddles or Electrodes.
- 2. Command panel.
- 3. Screen.
- 4. Discharge buttons.
- 5. Discharge increase or decrease selector.
- 6.Figure showing paddle position
- 7.ECG signal printer.
- 8. ECG signal cable.
Three-step Procedure:
- Step 1: select the power to be used, at this time by turning the knob, the equipment turns on automatically.
- Step 2: Charge the defibrillator with the selected energy.
- Step 3: Place the paddles on the patient, these should be impregnated with electrolyte gel or conductive paste; if it is a defibrillation place on the patient and discharge, if it is a Cardioversion the best way is to place the paddles on the patient in a firm way and without movement, so that the equipment detects the ECG signal well and discharges the same equipment in the R wave.
Safety in the Use of Equipment
- At the moment of using the equipment, the first requirements to be fulfilled are the following.
- Switch on the equipment and check that it performs the power-up process correctly.
- Verify that the reflected discharge value displayed on the screen is the same as the one selected.
- While charging the device, make sure that all persons stay away from the patient. Failure to do so may result in serious injury to anyone who comes into contact with the patient.
Los equipos muestran con una luz verde cuando se encuentran listos para la descarga, esto se conoce como proceso de cargado; verifique que el proceso de cargado no dure mas de 3 segundos.
The devices show a green light when they are ready to discharge, this is known as the charging process; check that the charging process does not take more than 3 seconds.
Finally, clean the gel or conductive paste from the paddles when you have finished using the equipment, as these dry out and generate a false contact with the patient in a future discharge.
Espero que les haya gustado este post, no olvidés votar, compartir y seguirme para estar al día de toda la nueva información que subo sobre equipamiento médico.
I hope you liked this post, don't forget to vote, share and follow me to keep up to date with all the new information I upload about medical equipment.
Este contenido es de mi autoria.
La imagenes pertenecientes a otras paginas conservan su link de referencia, y las imagenes de mi autoria son realizadas con un smartphone.
This content is authored by me.
The images belonging to other pages keep their reference link, and the images of my authorship are made with a smartphone.
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