In this article we continue our journey into understanding mobile networks in general, and voice calls in particular. Source: Pixabay This post will focus on improving the reader's understanding of a full

Source: [Pixabay]( So far the reader has been introduced to the architecture of a GSM mobile operator's network and learn about the concepts of logical channels, circuit switched (CS) attachment and

source: pixabay In my last post Security in 2G (GSM) Networks we examined how the SIM and the Authentication Center (AuC) are involved in the authentication process. We were introduced to the COMP128

source: pixabay The first GSM networks started appearing around the world in the early 1990's and their adoption by the general public grew at an ever faster pace. By the dusk of the last millennium around

source: pixabay In this series' previous post, Introduction to Mobile Networks, we learned about the concept of Circuit-Switched (CS) services and the associated GSM network architecture. The reader was

Note: All illustrations with the exception of the GSM logo are my own design. Work on the first GSM specifications started in the 1980's as a replacement for the first generation (1G) analog cellular system.

We live in times of complete communication ubiquity. The adoption of telephones in the early 20th century and the deployment of the early phone networks marks a unique moment in history when a human voice

The 5G networks will operate at a standard speed of 20 Gigabits per second as agreed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), which has marked in red in 2020 as the date on which this high-speed

5G technology will support the Internet of Things. The number of connected terminals will be multiplied by 150 and will exceed one million million. This is a completely new communications system, with

As we always say, technology advances very fast, and we do not realize it, but everything we have around us changes constantly. And that's why the Mobile World Congress is being held in Shanghai, to see