The risk issue is directly related to the rapid industrialization and unpredictable unintentional consequences of modernization. Risk is the result of modernization and industrialization. Ulrich Beck says

The name of Ulrich Beck is a hint of the publication of the Risky Society (1992). Two years later he published "Reflexive Modernization" (1994); "Rediscovering Politics" (1997); "What

The second leading idea of ​​Erich Form is the existence of existential needs in human structures. It distinguishes five existential needs:The need to establish relationships - in order to overcome the

So the progress of individuality and freedom is accompanied by uncertainty and personal insignificance. One faces a dilemma: the "unseen" freedom and, at the same time, a sense of lack of safety.

Erich Form was born in a Jewish family. Interestingly, he was considered a non-Frenchman. The subject of irrationality and destructiveness became later fundamental to his creativity. 1933 (with the election

Culture turns out to be a tool to "de-naturalize" man, and fantasy is the original ability to do so. Here comes the power and weakness of man. culture makes man easier, but makes it vulnerable

Man is a life in constant employment and concern. Because the being of man is a drama, as he is responsible for the choice (which is a choice of uncertainties with an unknown final). From this point of

The subject of man is the starting point for the teachings of José Ortega-i-Gasset because, in his view, one can not reason over being without defining what (the essence) of man is. He calls human life

According to Kant , wars are an expression of antagonism (opposition) between states.War is a natural thing, and peace is not. Therefore, according to Kant, one must look for a way to deal with this natural

The tools of labor are improved in the slavery (including people). Still, there is no personal interest in increasing labor productivity, so labor productivity is still not high.There are social breakdowns

There are conflicts between the Self and the Over-Self, because often what a person wants is not what they have to do.The self is suppressed by reality, by the Overself and by Him. For this reason the

Rational type of dominance (legal) - typical of a modern type of developed capitalism. Obedience is not to personalities, but to procedures, laws (to something impersonal). Both governors and governors

There are three instances of the personality structure: It, I and the Over-Me.The area of ​​the unconscious is denoted by the term "it". Freud characterizes It as follows: "This is the dark,

image source How can one know nature: "Nature is organized through cognitive forms (categories) of reason." A person as a natural being obeys these categories of reason, but not only because

Hegel's socio-philosophical ideas Main works - "Phenomenology of Spirit", "Science Logic", "Philosophy of History", "Aesthetics" and others.It is believed that Hegel's

Adam Smith's Social Philosophy Adam Smith (1723-1790), born in Scotland. He examines the economic foundations of society. Basic essay: "The Wealth of Nations". image source Basic Ideas: According

Rousseau's main ideas: According to him, history is not progress, but degradation. He thinks that initially humans were naturally equal and free beings. The differences in status are explained by him with

Montesquieu. His idea of ​​separation of powers ("For the spirit of law"). According to him, a society, in order to be fair, needs three authorities - legislative, executive and judicial - to

Thomas Hobbs. Key ideas in Leviathan: the state is a rescue for the human race; man by nature is selfish, by nature seeks the ability to dominate over others; everyone has the right to everything, which

Nicholas Machiavelli (1469-1527) - is known for his two works: "The Prince" and "Lectures on Titus " Machiavelli secularises politics (it frees her from the guardianship of religion,