Character and timing
- ejection systolic murmur : cresecendo - decresendo pattern (it came from the terminology in music = ascending pitch and descending pitch)
Causes : Aortic Stenosis, aortic sclerosis
- pansystolic murmur : Same intensity throughout the s1 to s2 period.
Causes : Mitral regurgitation / tricuspid
- Early diastolic murmurs : high pitch sound heard in early stage of s2 (diastolic stage)
Causes : Pulmonary regurgitation
- Mid diastolic murmurs : Occurs in the middle of s2 stage. Low pitch and rumbling.
Causes : Mitral stenosis, Aortic regurgitation