马斯洛需求理论解读 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

tanfuxin(33)
Published in
#book
Words
1008
Reading
5 min
Listen
Play
8y

马斯洛需求理论说人的需求是分五个层次,分别是:生理需求、安全需求、爱与归属的需求、最终的需求和自我实现的需求。接下来解读一下这五个层次的需求。
Maslow's demand theory says that human needs are divided into five levels: physiological needs, security needs, the needs of love and belonging, the final demand and the needs of self realization. Then read the needs of these five levels.
1.png

生理需求:这个层级的需求是最基本的生存需求,也就是能够维持人活下来的需求,反映在生活中就是食物、空气、饮水、睡眠、保暖衣服、居住等
Physiological needs: this level of demand is the most basic need for survival, that is, to keep people alive, which is reflected in the life of food, air, water, sleep, warm clothes, living and so on.
2.png

安全需求:这个层次需求一般是在满足生理需求的情况下,人开始注意自身安全和稳定方面的需求。这个需求主要体现在社会秩序、体质、法律、和平、医疗、教育等各方面。
Security needs: this level of demand is generally in the case of meeting physiological needs, people begin to pay attention to their own safety and stability needs. This demand is mainly reflected in social order, physique, law, peace, medical treatment, education and so on.
3.png

爱与归属的需求:这个层次的需求就是在人们精神方面了,在满足前两种需求的情况下,人们就开始渴望亲人、朋友、爱、友谊,希望能和别人建立起一定的交际关系,希望别人的认可。需要在周围的亲人朋友同事等群体中处于一个恰当的位子。
The needs of love and belonging: this level of demand is in the spirit of the people, in the case of meeting the first two needs, people begin to desire relatives, friends, love, friendship, hope to establish certain communicative relations with others, hope other people's approval. We need to be in the right place among our relatives, friends and colleagues.
5.png

尊重需求:这是更高层次的精神需求,已经不再是希望一个恰当位子的需求,一方面是获得自尊、信心、能力、本领、成就、独立、自由的愿望;另一方面要在一定群体中有威望、被承认、有地位、有名誉、被欣赏等。
Respect for the needs: This is a higher level of spiritual demand, no longer the need for a proper seat, on the one hand, the desire for self-esteem, confidence, ability, ability, achievement, independence and freedom; on the other hand, there is prestige, recognition, location, reputation, appreciation and so on in a certain group.
6.png

自我实现需求:最高层次的需求,是实现个人的理想、抱负、追求。大多体现在成为某一个领域的顶尖人物,甚至是时代的里程碑型的人。如科技巅峰、音乐巅峰、权利巅峰等。
Self actualization demand: the highest level of demand is the realization of personal ideals, aspirations and pursuits. Most of them are the top figures in a certain field, even the milestones of the times. Such as the peak of technology, the peak of music, the peak of rights, etc.
6.png

马斯洛理论说,只有低一级的需求实现人才会有更高一级的需求。其实现实中,人的各种需求是同时存在的,只不过是不同时间,有不同的需求占据优势地位,人们就会优先满足优势需求。但是优势需求也没有特定顺序。就比如:很多人为了理想可以不顾自己的安全,不害怕贫穷;有些人为了虚荣,可以伤害自己的身体;等
Maslow theory says that only a low level of demand can achieve a higher level of demand. In fact, in reality, people's various needs are at the same time, but are only different time, there are different needs to occupy the dominant position, people will give priority to meet the needs of the advantage. But there is no particular order in the demand for advantage. For example, many people can ignore their own safety for fear of poverty. Some people can harm their bodies for vanity, and so on.