Mount Rinjani is a mountain located on Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara. The mountain which is the second highest mountain in Indonesia with an altitude of 3,726 m above sea level and located at latitude 8º25 'LS and 116º28' BT is a favorite mountain for Indonesian climbers because of the beauty of the scenery. This mountain is part of the Mount Rinjani National Park which has an area of about 41,330 ha and this addition will be proposed to be 76,000 ha to the west and east.
Mount Rinjani with the highest point of 3,726 m above sea level, dominates most of the sights of northern Lombok.
To the west of the Rinjani cone there is a caldera with an area of about 3,500 m × 4,800 m, extending east and west. In this caldera there is Segara Anak (segara = sea, lake) covering an area of 11,000,000 square meters with a depth of 230 m. The water flowing from this lake forms a very beautiful waterfall, flowing through a steep gorge. In Segara Anak there are many carp and tilapia so it is often used for fishing. The southern part of the lake is called Segara Endut.
On the east side of the caldera there is Gunung Baru (or Mount Barujari) which has a crater measuring 170m × 200m with an altitude of 2,296 - 2376 m above sea level. This small mountain last erupted on October 25, 2015 and November 3, 2015 [2], having previously erupted in May 2009 and in 2004. [3] [4] If the 2004 eruption did not take casualties, this 2009 eruption has claimed indirect lives of 31 people, due to flash floods in the Kokok (River) Tanggek due to lava pressure to Segara Anak. [5] Previously, Mount Barujari had erupted in 1944 (at the same time its formation), 1966 and 1994.
In addition to Mount Barujari there are also other craters that have erupted, called Mount Rompok.
Stratigraphically, Mount Rinjani is governed by clastic Neogene sedimentary rocks (including limestone), and locally by Oligo-Miocene volcanic rocks. Quaternary volcanoes themselves mostly produce pyroclastic, which in some places intersects with lava. Litology records some of the known explosions in history. Since 1847 there have been 7 explosions, with the shortest rest period of 1 year and the longest 37 years.
As with other volcanoes, Koesoemadinata (1979) states that the Rinjani volcanic activity after the formation of the caldera is rebuilding. The activity is in the form of effusiva which produces lava and explosives which form a precipitate (pyroclastic). Lava is generally black, and when the meller looks foamy. The eruption after the caldera formation is relatively weak, and the lava released by the G. Barujari cone and G. The group is relatively more alkaline than other volcanic lava in Indonesia. The possibility of a hot cloud when the eruption peaked was very small. Eruption material is generally deposited inside the caldera only.
Lava flows, lava eruptions, rain lava, and hot clouds of avalanches are likely to lead to White Cigarettes to Batus. Cloudy heat clouds can occur along the flow of new lava that is still moving, although the probability is small.
The shape of the Segara Anak Caldera which surges to the east-west is thought to be related to the crack structure in the base rock. Rinjani Volcano located on the Quaternary volcano line of the Banda Arc system in the western part is formed by the basic subduction activities of the Indian Ocean below the periphery of the Southeast Asian Plate. The subduction lanes located in the south indicate a compressive force trending north-south. The base-east cracks, which affect the wake of the caldera, are thus interpreted as release cracks caused by traction forces. The structure was formed at least from the beginning of the Quaternary Period.
Climbing Mount Rinjani (peak) is one of the attractions that become a mainstay in the Mount Rinjani National Park area. Mount Rinjani is the second highest volcanic mountain in Indonesia. The peak of Mount Rinjani is the destination of most adventurers and nature lovers who visit this area because if you have reached the summit it is a matter of pride. The enthusiasm of the nature lovers community throughout the archipelago and even from abroad in climbing activities is quite large, this is evidenced by the number of visitors who climb each year has increased. Climbing activities are carried out on a large scale from July to August, in August (mid) the climbing participants are generally dominated by students from all over Indonesia who wish to celebrate the Independence Day of the Republic of Indonesia on the summit of Mount Rinjani and Segara Anak Lake through activities "Tapak Rinjani" which is held regularly every year by one of the groups of nature lovers on the island of Lombok in collaboration with the Gunung Rinjani National Park Hall.
The prime charm of Mount Rinjani National Park which is very prospective is Segara Anak Lake, this location can be reached from two official climbing routes namely the Senaru hiking trail and the Sembalun hiking trail.
To visit Segara Anak Lake from the Senaru lane, it takes around 7-10 hours on foot (± 8 Km) from the gate of the Senaru hiking trail. While the Sembalun hiking trail is taken within 8-10 hours. Lake Segara Anak with an altitude of ± 2,010 m above sea level and a lake depth of about ± 230 meters has a shape like a crescent moon with an area of about 1,100 hectares.
Around Segara Anak Lake there is a fairly wide and flat land, can be used for camping / camping, as well as visitors can fish in the lake or soak in hot water containing sulfur.
Another object around Segara Anak Lake is Hulu Sungai Koko Puteq ± 150 meters from Segara Anak Lake. In addition there are also Goa Susu, Manik Goa, Goa Payung, Goa Susu believed to be used as a media reflecting themselves and often also used as a place to meditate. Whereas at the bottom of Segara Anak Lake there is a hot spring (Aik Kerak Pengkereman Jembangan) which is commonly used to test and bathe magical objects (Swords, Keris, Badik, Spear, Machete, etc.) where if the objects become sticky when soaked indicates that the objects are bad / do not have supernatural powers, on the contrary if these objects remain intact means that the object has supernatural powers / believed to have efficacy.
Rinjani has the best panaroma among the mountains in Indonesia. Every year (June-August) many nature lovers visit from local residents, students, nature lovers.
The average temperature is around 20 ° C; lowest 12 ° C. Strong winds at the peak usually occur in August.
In addition to the summit, a place frequented is Segara Anakan, a lake located at an altitude of 2,000m above sea level. To reach this location we can climb from the village of Senaru or Sembalun Lawang village (the two closest entry points at an altitude of 600m above sea level and 1,150m above sea level).
Most climbers start climbing from Sembalun route and end the climb at Senaru, because it can save 700 m altitude. The Sembalun route is rather long but flat, and the weather is hotter because it is through a blazing savanna (cold temperatures but direct solar radiation burns the skin). solar thermal retaining cream is highly recommended.
From the Senaru Route climb without pause, but the weather is soft because it passes through the woods. From these two locations it takes time to walk about 7 hours to the ridge lip at an altitude of 2,641m above sea level (arriving at Plawangan Senaru or Plawangan Sembalun). In this place the view towards the lake, and to the outside is very good. From Plawangan Senaru (if rising from the direction of Senaru) go down to the lake through steep walls to an altitude of 2,000 meters above sea level) which can be reached in 2 hours. On the lake we can camp, fishing (Carper, Mujair) is a lot. Lombok residents have a tradition of visiting Segara Anakan to bathe in hot tubs and fishing.
To reach the top (from the direction of the lake) have to walk up to the west wall as high as 700m and ride the ridge as high as 1,000m which is traveled in 2 stages 3 hours and 4 hours. The first stage is going to Plawangan Sembalun, the last camp to wait for the morning. Summit attacks are usually carried out at 3 o'clock in the morning to find a beautiful moment - the sun rises at the top of Rinjani. The trip to the Peak is quite good; because climbing on the lip of the crater with mediocre safety margin. Medan sand, stone, soil. The last 200 meters of height must be taken with difficulty, because one step forward is followed by half a step down (mired in gravel). For highlanders - this is the most challenging and preferred place because the terrain is paid off with its beautiful natural scenery. Mount Agung in Bali, Raung Mountain in Banyuwangi and Mount Tambora on Sumbawa are clearly visible in good weather in the morning. To climb Rinjani is not needed a tool, enough stamina, patience and passion of climbers.
The entire trip can be reached in the program three days and two nights, or if you want to see two other objects: Susu Cave and Gunung Baru Jari (the son of Mount Rinjani with a new crater in the middle of the lake) need an additional two days of travel. Logistics preparation is needed.
