Very productive day. Since my first smart contract was riddled with errors, I changed my approach.
1. Start Over
A lot of times, especially when I have a lot of errors and don't have a clue where they stem from, it works well to start over (or go back to a safe point back when the code worked). Thus, I found a simple Solidity contract that worked to build off of and started over, working step-by-step.
2. Use Remix
At first, I was unsure how to test my contracts without just publishing them using Mist onto the Ropsten Testnet. However, I discovered Remix. In fact, this was me when I discovered Remix:
Well... ok maybe not quite that, but Remix is a very nice tool (in fact it is recommended in the Solidity docs).
Remix is an online IDE for Solidity.
You can find it here: https://remix.ethereum.org
Midnight here, so off to bed. Cheers and Steem on!