Bitcoin in Third World Countries
比特币在第三世界国家
The Key to Bitcoin Adoption in Third World Countries
第三世界国家接纳比特币的密钥
Welcome to Afghanistan
When you land in Kabul, Afghanistan, go through customs, find your luggage bag that has been half destroyed, and hours later finally make your way out of the terminal and into the dusty waiting area reserved for the public the first thing you will notice are the cargo vest wearing men shouting :
“Dollar! Euro! Pound! Afghani! Kaldaar! Tomaan! Rupya!” and on and on.
当你踏入阿富汗首都喀布尔过海关时，会发现你的行李包已处于半损坏状态。数小时后，你终于走出了机场航站楼，进入脏乱不堪的公共候人区，第一个映入眼帘的就是那些穿着送货背心的人叫嚷着:
“美元!欧元!英镑!阿富汗尼(阿富汗货币)!"等等。
(If your currency is better than the Afghani note, these men will happily exchange it.
如果你的货币优于阿富汗尼，这些人会愉快地与你交换。)
Like in many other undeveloped countries with weak national currencies, money exchangers play a major role. Since 2001, with the influx of foreign governments, visitors, workers, businesses, remittences, there has always been a need to convert between the numerous currencies being dumped into the country.
象许多别的本国货币疲软的不发达国家一样，货币兑换商扮演着一个重要的角色。自从2001年以来，伴随着外国政府，旅游务工人员，商业和汇兑的涌入，不同货币间的货币转换成为一个必需。
Sarafis, as money exchangers are called in the local language, also occasionally play the role of money transferrers, usually for remittances or even settling business accounts.
Sarafis,当地语言里所讲的货币交换商，偶尔也扮演货币汇兑的角色，通常是为汇款或业务结算账户。
The concept of these ‘hawala’ money transfers go back thousands of years and the trusted method of how they operate has practically stayed the same. For a fee of usually 1% you can send money to your family even bypassing sanctions such as in Iran. For some people this traditional affordable, censorship resistant method is the only one available to them.
这种叫做"哈瓦拉"的货币汇款业务可以追溯到上千年前，如何基于信托的运作模式亦有很长的历史。通常，把钱送给你的家人时，收1%的费。甚至可以绕过制裁，比如在伊朗。对一些人来说，这种传统的可担负得起的,抗审查的"哈瓦拉"业务是他们汇款的唯一通道。
source
(Forex Currency Bazaar in Kabul, Afghanistan 阿富汗喀布尔外汇兑换市场)
When you are approached by the airport sarafis, as a veteran traveler you know to ignore them because they usually charge “unfair” exchange fees, according to locals: usually $1–2 dollars per $100 being exchanged or 2% for a single transaction, depending on if you are a khareji, or foreigner. A high price, by local standards (by comparison, you can buy four skewers of lamb kabob for $3.00).
当机场那些Sarafis靠近你时，作为一个旅游达人，你会因他们通常收取超额的兑换费而不理睬他们。据当地人讲，通常每兑换100美金时，收取1-2美金，或每笔交易收取2%点，取决于你是否是一个外国人。这是一个相当高的价格。要知道，按当地物价水平，你能用3美金买4个大大的羊肉串。
If you are smart you know to travel only a few neighborhoods away from the airport where you will find many “fair” sarafis, usually on every corner but almost always concentrated near banks. Once you decide on a sarafi, you communicate to them how much you plan to exchange for what currency. The next thing they do is stick their hand in their cargo vest or peran tumbaan pocket and whip out their smart phones. They check the exact exchange rate, according to the internet, at that moment.
如果你是内行，你就知道去离机场只有几个街区的地方，找到那些正规的sarafis，通常他们在各个街角但总是集中在银行周围。一旦你决定找一个sarafi,和他们谈论你计划兑换多少以及何种外汇时，他们就会把手伸进他们的背心或peran tumbaan(一种当地衣服名称)衣服口袋里，立即掏出手机。根据互联网提供的信息检查实时汇率。
(FYI to locals, if you pay any more than 10 Afghani notes ($0.20 USD) to exchange $100, you were ripped off)
(仅供参考，据当地信息，每兑换价值100美金的外汇，支付的手续费若高于10个阿富汗尼(1个阿富汗尼约0.2美金的)时，你就被宰了。)
Afghans, like many people in other underdeveloped countries, don’t typically save their hard earned money in the local currency. It works fine for spending but for saving, they almost always exchange the Afghani note to the US dollar.
像别的不发达国家大多数人一样，阿富汗人通常也不把他们辛苦赚来的钱存成当地货币。用当地货币消费很不错，但是他们会把阿富汗尼兑换成美金存储。
Afghan women love gold. 阿富汗女人喜欢黄金
Actually in certain parts of the country shopkeepers will refuse to accept the national currency altogether! I had this problem in eastern Afghanistan where they prefer the Pakistani Kaldaar, considered a stronger currency and used for trade and business with Pakistan.
实际上，在阿富汗的一些地方，店主拒绝接受当地货币!在阿富汗东部地区我就遇到了这样的问题。那里他们宁愿使用巴基斯坦货币--被视为硬通货，用于和巴基斯坦的商业贸易。
As an aside, I’ve met many families where most of the savings and finances are managed by the family matriarch who also prefer to convert funds to the age old trusted store of value, gold. FYI good luck using your Afghani notes to buy gold. Gold sellers prefer dollars.
此外，我遇到许多家庭--通常他们的绝大部分储蓄和财政被家族的女族长掌管--也会兑换成自古有之的保值黄金。(仅供参考)祝你好运，用你的阿富汗尼去买黄金吧!黄金卖家也偏爱美金。
Enter a gold shop and all you see. Every. Single. Time.
每次进去一个金店，你总能看到图片里的场景
So why is it despite the numerous other currencies traded in the market in so many underdeveloped countries that Bitcoin is still so unheard of?
所以尽管在许多不发达国家市场上有这么多的货币交易种类，为什么比特币仍旧鲜有耳闻呢？
敬请期待比特币在第三国家(2)!
Original author: Janey (Security engineer. Former humanitarian in Afghanistan, background in international development)
原文作者:Janey
(中文翻译系pyraMMMid工作室提供,未经许可，不得转载 ; 或转载时标注pyraMMMid工作室。)