What are the fallacies?

There are many people that they have a great ability to lie. And they talk with a great confidence and attitude you don't notice that they are actually spiting your face. And it's probably that they make use of fallacies to reach what they want and win the discussion.

That's is the topic of today:

First of all we need to know what is a fallacy. So, let's talk about it. A fallacy is a kind of error in reasoning. Fallacies should not be persuasive, but they often are. Fallacies may be created unintentionally, or they may be created intentionally in order to deceive other people.

A theory is discarded not because of any evidence against it or lack of evidence for it, but because of the person who argues for it.

Example: A: The Government should enact minimum-wage legislation so that workers are not exploited. B: Nonsense. You say that only because you cannot find a good job.

The truth of a claim is established only on the basis of lack of evidence against it. A simple obvious example of such fallacy is to argue that unicorns exist because there is no evidence against such a claim.

In offering an argument, pity is appealed to. Usually this happens when people argue for special treatment on the basis of their need. Example: a student argues that the teacher should let him/her pass the examination because he/she needs it in order to graduate. Of course, pity might be a relevant consideration in certain conditions, as in contexts involving charity.