Monotropa uniflora seems like it belongs on a different planet, but its life style suggests that it is quite entrenched in the ecosystem of North America’s mixed deciduous forests. This chlorophyll lacking plant completely lacks the ability to make its own food. Where does it harness energy from then? From mushrooms of course! This sneaky ghost pipe parasitically steals sugars from mushrooms that are in ectomycorrhizal relationships with forest trees. Mushrooms in the genera Lactarius and Russula form symbiotic relationships with trees! The trees provide the mushrooms with sugar and a safe place to live while the trees get minerals, increased water and protection from pathogens in the trade. The ghost pipe attaches specialized root structures to the mycelium of the mushrooms and steals sugar, allowing it to live without chlorophyll. So if you are ever out for a walk and see either a distinct red and while Russula mushroom, keep your eyes open because there is a high chance you’ll get to see Monotropa popping out from under some nearby leaves. The Monotropa don’t steal enough sugars to greatly impact the growth of the trees of the health of the mushrooms. It’s more like that cousin that always asks you for 20 bucks at the family gatherings, so please don’t harm these spooky plants when you do encounter them.
