About tropical disease kala-azar

Kala-azar is the most common disease in our country Bangladesh. Many people haven’t any idea about this disease. So,I wish to writing about this disease.

The agent of this disease is Leishmania donovani.
Vector of this agents are sand fly.
There are two types of Leishmaniasis :

1. Visceral leishmaniasis.
2. Cutaneous leishmaniasis.

How to cause disease :
1.Firstly, sandfly bite human

1. Then,agents enters into the body
2. Then,taken uo by RE system
3. Then, promastigote is converted into amastigote.
4. Then, multiply by binary fission.
5. Then, reduced bone marrow activity.
6. Then, enlargement of the spleen.
7. Finally, causes anaemia,leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.

Hematological changes in kala-azar:

1. Pancytopenia.
2. High rise of ESR.
3. Reduced Hb concentration.
4. IgG raised.

Complication of kala-azar:

1. Bacillary dysentery or gastroenteritis.
2. Pneumonia.
3. TB.
4. Bleeding manifestation.

Infected site of kala-azar:

1. Spleen.
2. Bone marrow.
3. Liver.
4. Lymph node.

Laboratory diagnosis of kala-azar:
Specimen collection : Aspiration of bone marrow,spleen,lymph node.
Microscopic examination: Leishman stained smear
Isolation and identification from culture:
NNN media
Incubation : at 22 C
Incubation time: 1 to 2 weeks

PKDL- Post Kala-azar Dermal Leishmanoid: It is a recurrence of kala-azar that may appear on the skin of affected individuals up to 20 years after treated,untreated or even in those considered adequately treated.

Clinical features :

1. Depigmented macules.
2. Erythematous patches.
3. Yellowish pink nodules.