Demand for alternative sources of energy has increased recently after realizing the disadvantages of fossil energy sources, such as: oil and coal, which pollute the environment, cause global warming, and are vulnerable to consumption after a period of consumption. Solar power is one of the renewable sources of energy, that is, it is not enforceable. The sun rises every morning and provides us with the light and warmth we need. Solar energy can also be used by solar cells that turn sunlight into electrical energy that can be used in solar energy. Many areas. [1]
Solar cells
The photovoltaic cell converts solar energy into electrical energy based on a phenomenon called photovoltaic effect. Solar cells are often built from semi-conductor silicon crystals and add some impurities such as phosphorus to improve their ability to conduct Electricity, and when the sun falls on silicon crystals it absorbs it, which stimulates the electrons, which are linked to each other by covalent bonds of emancipation, and begin to move randomly within the crystalline silicon, generating an electric current. [2] [3]
How to make solar panels
Solar panels can be manufactured by following the following steps: [4] Buying solar cells: When buying solar cells, purchase highly efficient and low cost cells (preferably using multi-crystalline solar cells). The number of solar cells is selected depending on the amount of energy that is intended Production. Processing of a panel of insulating material: A panel of wood, plastic or glass can be chosen to fit the number and arrangement of solar cells, leaving sufficient distance from the terminals to connect the electrical wires. The wood panel is the best option because holes can be drilled easily to pass electrical wires. Measuring and cutting wires: The solar cell shows a number of short lines that extend to the width of the solar cell, two long lines that extend along the solar cell, and a tabbing wire. Each solar cell will need two wires; Long lines in the center of the solar cell. Welded conduction: Weld wires connected to the back of the solar cell using a welding gun. Repeat this for all solar cells. Attention should be given to the two wires along the long lines that appear on the front of the solar cell. Installation of solar cells: The cells are placed on the insulating board using a glue placed on the middle of the back of the cells. A little pressure is placed on the board. The two ends of the wire must be made from each cell and the wires can be easily moved. In addition, the number of cells in each row can be increased, taking into consideration that the rows of cells are aligned in opposite directions, so that the wire appears for the first row on one side, showing the opposite side in the next row and so on. Connecting the solar cells to each other: Connect the wire at the end of a cell to the front of the next cell, repeat it every time, and the first cell wires are welded with the second cell wires. Welded wires are connected to the first solar cell of the first row, and they are wired with a wire wire, repeated in the first cell of the second row. D-wire conduction at the end of the first row of cells, the two wires at the beginning of the second row of cells, and the four wire flesh using a universal wire. Connect the rest of the rows in the same way using long public wiring until reaching the end. A short public conductive cable, such as that used in the first cell of the first row, is used. The public connection wire connected to the first cell of the first row represents the positive pole of the solar cell panel. The public connection wire connected to the last cell of the last row represents the negative pole of the solar cell board. Build a box of compact wood to put the solar cells in it, and prefer to paint the box in reflective colors so that the box remains cool. The cells work better when cool, and contribute to coating the box protects it from external factors and prolong life, then put the solar cells inside the box to go to up. Connect the public conductive wire that represents the negative pole with a diode, or a diode with a greater ampere than that produced by the solar panels, and install it with a little silicon. Connect a black wire to the diode, connect it to the other end of the Terminal Block, and attach the opposite end of the positive-pole terminal to the solar panel. Connect the solar panel to a charge controller, taking into account the negative and positive conduction of the terminals, and connecting the wires from the terminal to the charging controller, preferably using color codes to track the charges. Connect the battery controller with batteries suitable for the size of the solar cell panel according to the manufacturer's instructions. After connecting the batteries and charging them from the solar panels, electronic devices can be operated using batteries. Close the box tightly using an appropriate glass panel, and close the gaps to prevent leakage of water inside the box. The installation of solar panels in the appropriate manner, and can be chosen several ways, including: the installation of panels on a cart so that the direction of the panel can be adjusted depending on the direction of the sun to increase the amount of solar energy can be obtained during the day, or the installation of panels on the surface of the house, The sun at least the peak time, which is often afternoon, or panels can be installed on the base of the receiver space receiver, and can be programmed to move with the movement of the sun.
