Greenhouse effect is a complex process in which the surface and atmosphere of the Earth is warmed by the complexity of the sun's radiation, particles and gases present in the atmosphere. Part of the sun's heat goes back into space, but due to the layer formed by greenhouse gases, some of the rays can not be repaired, and the same part absorbs the rest of the heat. Greenhouse gases found in the atmosphere make a thick circle, resulting in the heat of the sun does not return to space and temperature increases on Earth.
Earth's rising temperature has given rise to the phenomenon of global warming. It has created unprecedented differences in global climate change. It has created a threat to the existence of coastal places and islands. Due to global warming, the availability of water for drinking and irrigation can also be affected. If there is a flood in the desert then there may also be drought in areas with dense rain. Glaciers of the ice field are melting with increasing temperatures. Apart from this, in developing countries like India based on irrigation, there is a danger of change in cycle of crops.
In view of the impact of global warming, many countries of the world have signed a treaty in the direction of reducing greenhouse gas emissions under the UN, which has been called the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Differences in greenhouse effect and global warming
When the radiation of the sun enters the atmosphere of the Earth, then it radiates a series of wavelengths. Greenhouse gases surrounding the Earth - carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, etc. - have the ability to absorb large amounts of radiation and spread it as infrared radiation. Some radiations go into space, but most of these infrared radiation is absorbed by the surface of the Earth, the ocean and the atmosphere. With this exchange of radiation, the environment on earth becomes suitable for living beings. This is called the green house effect.
In other words, without the greenhouse effect, the average temperature of the Earth will be 18 degrees Celsius instead of the current normal mean of 15 degrees Celsius. Normal life is not possible in this scenario. The credit for maintaining the normal temperature of the Earth goes to the proper balance of greenhouse gases. The problem occurs when their quantity increases. Due to the unusual increase in greenhouse gases due to the imbalance in the greenhouse effect, the surface of the earth and the temperature of the atmosphere is gradually increasing, resulting in global warming. Increasing amount of greenhouse gases has increased the greenhouse effect since the Industrial Revolution, which is leading to global warming.
Origin of the name of the greenhouse effect
In some parts of the earth like Antarctica, the sunlight does not reach the same amount as the need is. In such areas, there is problem in generating fruits and vegetables without adequate sun rays.
Vegetables and fruit plants are grown in glass houses (greenhouse) in some cold areas where the outer temperature is extremely low. Glass house remains warmer than inside because the glass can cause sunlight but the radiation can not be excluded from these mirrors. In this greenhouse, the sunlight comes in through a transparent glass. Returned heat or radiation does not cross one another because a special part of radiation is absorbed from the glass. It keeps the greenhouse warm from inside, which is useful for plants and fruits.
It is a system in which one area is made of elements where the sun radiation can easily penetrate but can not be reversed. Thus, plants in that area get sufficient sunshine and they all develop. Since this greenhouse method is used in areas where sunlight is not available for whole day of the year or access to very few parts, therefore 'greenhouse effect' The word has become popular. Actually the atmosphere around the Earth works like a green house. This allows sunlight to cross it and absorb terrestrial radiance. Earth provides electromagnetic radiation of high wavelength and the earth acts like a black body which is also a good radiator, but with the disruption of greenhouse gases, it is absorbing more heat than required in the following environments, resulting in global warming. The incident has happened.
Distribution of greenhouse effect
The main sources of energy are -
@ Radiation energy (solar energy)
@ Thermal Power
@ Chemical energy (bonds in organic compounds)
@ Mechanical energy (two types of static energy (accumulated energy) and kinetic energy (useful energy))
Sun is the source of all kinds of energy for living beings on the earth. It produces many atoms of fusion which propagates the amount of electromagnetic waves in all directions. The radius of radiation energy is 390 nanometers to 720 nanometers, which is distorted in the form of solar radiation, very few of which can reach the Earth's atmosphere. Magnetic radiation receives 1,73,000 × 1012 watts of energy, out of which 30% radiation goes into the universe. 23% radiation is used in water bicycles and moisture in water vapor; 47% radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere, the Earth and the ocean. Less than 1% radiation is used in air and air flows, and in photosynthesis only 0.01% radiation is used.
Solar radiation is in the form of small waves. Upon entering the Sun's atmosphere, some parts of it radiate into space and some parts are absorbed by the atmosphere and the rest reach the Earth's surface. There is a microscopic balance of heat on Earth. Of the 100 units of sunlight, 35 units are changed and found in space, 17 units are distilled from the surface of the Earth and 48 units are in the atmosphere. Thus the amount of heat received and its use becomes equal.
The atmosphere absorbs 14 units of sunlight and 34 units come from terrestrial radiation. Airway distributes these 48 units back into space. Earth's surface absorbs 21 units of sunlight and distributes the same amount, so it can be said that the atmosphere does not warm directly from the sun, but it is heated with terrestrial radiation.
Types of greenhouse gases
Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
This is the main greenhouse gas. Its main sources include coal combustion, deforestation and cement industry.
Methane (CH 4 )
This is the second most important greenhouse gas. Its main source includes agriculture practice, bacterial process, anorobic decomposition of organic matter, combustion of coal and oil in power plants and combustion of gasoline in automobile.
Nitrous oxide (N 2 O)
This gas contributes 6% in the greenhouse effect. Its main sources are: bacteria and fungi and coal combustion in fertilizer, soil and oceans.
Halo Carbon
It is a man-made chemical compound that contains elements of the halogen family, carbon and other gases, which include hydrocarbons (HFC) perfluorocarbon (PFC) and sulfur-hexafluoride (SF6).
Sulfur ozone
It is an important greenhouse gas present in the troposphere, which comes from industrial activities.
water vapour
The condition of water vapor is obtained from natural respiration and evaporation. When the temperature of Earth increases, its volume increases in the atmosphere.
Due to global warming
Due to rapid industrialization and deforestation, the amount of carbon dioxide is increasing in the environment. A layer of carbon dioxide is formed in the atmosphere and prevents infra-red radiation coming from the sun. This thermal energy is formed in the atmosphere due to which the average temperature of the Earth increases which is called 'global warming' or 'global heating'. Global warming is currently a universal problem. No country in this world is untouched by this danger. Earth's temperature is increasing with the emission of greenhouse gases.
Carbon dioxide is the most important gas in greenhouse gases. Through its carbon cycle, its level remains normal in the environment but it is not happening for the past few decades. Its volume is constantly increasing in the atmosphere. The use of very high fossil fuels, deforestation and land use changes are the main reasons for this increase. According to a report of the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on climate change in 1880-1890, carbon dioxide content was approximately 290 million in parts (PPM), which increased to 340 ppm in 1990 and 400 ppm in 2000.
Carbon dioxide is predominantly responsible for global warming but methane, chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide and water vapor are also increasing it. Carbon dioxide accounts for 50 percent of global warming, methane 18 percent, chlorofluorocarbon 14 percent and nitrous oxide 6 percent. In the United States, chlorofluorocarbons were invented in 1930-31. Due to being flammable, chemically passive and non-toxic, it has been identified as its ideal refrigerant. It is widely used in refrigerators, air conditioning equipment, electric, plastic, pharmaceutical industries and aerosols.
The amount of methane gas in the atmosphere is also increasing in concentration. In the last 100 years, the concentration of methane gas has more than doubled. The amount of gases such as chlorofluorocarbons, nitrous oxide and sulfur dioxide is also increasing rapidly. With the increase in greenhouse gases, their ability to absorb radiation in the environment is increasing steadily. That is why the temperature of the earth is constantly increasing, causing 'global warming' incidents.
CFC-14 (Tetra fluoro methane) and CFC-16 (Tetra fluoro methane) is excreted by aluminum industry. Its ability to heat the earth is 800 times more than carbon dioxide. On average, 1 ton of aluminum produces 1.6 kg CFFC-14 and 0.2 kg CFFC-16 gases. Sherwood Rowland and Marrio Mobina, associated with the University of California, told from their research in 1974 that chlorine present in the CFC causes the disintegration of ozone molecules and damages the ozone layer present in the atmosphere.
Results of Global Warming
Environment has been polluted in the last decades due to unchecked industrialization, unplanned urbanization, population growth and many other activities. Currently due to indiscriminate races, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased by about 31 percent. As a result, severe climate conditions like excessive rainfall and drought have arisen.
At present the temperature of the Earth is 0.2 degree Celsius to 0.6 degree. In the near future, it can increase from 1.4 degrees Celsius to 5.8 degrees Celsius. As a result of the rise in temperature, the glaciers will melt rapidly and the water level of the sea will increase, due to which many coastal cities will be submerged. Such a situation will be devastating to human life.
The consequences of this temperature rise will be horrible. With increasing temperatures, fierce hot winds will run and dangerous storms will occur. Due to the increase in temperature, the frozen ice will start melting on the poles, which will raise the level of the sea. As a result, many countries like Maldives and Bangladesh will be submerged.
Need reduction in greenhouse effect
Reduction in greenhouse gases is difficult but not impossible. Many national and international level organizations are working on this. Some important steps by which their emissions can be reduced can be:
@ Energy efficiency of consumption and production should be increased. It is for environment friendly vehicle technology and electrical appliances.
@ Fuel should be used better in vehicles so that proper maintenance of vehicles is possible.
@ The use of new sources of energy such as solar energy, hydroelectric energy, nuclear energy etc. should be encouraged.
@ Emissions of toxic substances born from industries should be low.
@ Production of Halocarbon should be reduced. For example, cyclic chemicals should be used again in the refrigerator, air conditioner.
@ The use of petrol or diesel-driven vehicles should be low.
Forests should be encouraged and the forest should be stopped from bites.
@ Ocean algae should be increased so that carbon dioxide can be used by photosynthesis.
Conclusion
The steps described above provide only a few examples. Such efforts need to be implemented by government, non-governmental organizations, related citizens and society. Their main aim is to reduce the greenhouse effect and to prevent complex problems generated from global warming. Following these steps can have an impact on the unusual growth of the greenhouse effect, which can help in creating a better future for mankind.