A scientific work (scientific paper) is a written and published report describing the results of research or assessment that has been carried out by a person or team by fulfilling scientific principles and ethics that are confirmed and adhered to by the scientific community.
1. The Nature of Scientific Works
.....The purpose of writing scientific papers, among others, is to convey ideas, fulfill assignments in studies, to discuss ideas in a meeting, participate in competitions, and to disseminate knowledge / research results.
......Scientific work is a paper that presents ideas, descriptions or problem solving systematically, presented objectively and honestly, using standard language, and supported by facts, theories and or empirical evidence.
.....There are various types of scientific essays, including research reports, seminar or symposium papers, journal articles, which are basically products of the activities of scientists. Data, conclusions, and other information contained in the scientific work is used as a reference (reference) for other scientists in carrying out further research or assessment.
......Scientific work can serve as a reference, to increase insight, and disseminate knowledge. For the author, writing scientific papers is useful to improve reading and writing skills, practice integrating ideas and present them systematically, broaden horizons, and provide intellectual satisfaction, in addition to contributing to the expansion of the horizon of science.
2. Characteristics of Scientific Work
......In scientific works there are 4 aspects that are the main characteristics, namely:
a. serving structure
..... The structure of the presentation of scientific works is very strict, usually consisting of the initial part (introduction), the core part (subject matter), and the closing part. The initial part is an introduction to the core, while the core is the presentation of the main ideas to be conveyed which can consist of several chapters or subtopics. The concluding section is a conclusion of the main discussion and the author's recommendations regarding the follow-up to the idea.
b. components and substance
......Components of scientific works vary according to their type, but all scientific works contain introduction, core section, closing, and bibliography. Scientific articles published in journals require abstracts.
c. the attitude of the author
.....The attitude of the author in scientific work is objective, which is conveyed using an impersonal language, with many using passive forms, without using first or second person pronouns.
d. language use
The language used in scientific work is standard language which is reflected in the choice of words / terms, and effective sentences with a standard structure.
3. Types of Scientific Works
....As for the types of scientific works, namely:
a.Thesis is a (scientific) student writing to complete the requirements to get a bachelor's degree (S1). Thesis is written based on the opinions (theories) of others. This opinion is supported by empirical-objective data and facts, both based on direct research; lapanagn observation or research in the laboratory, or literature study. Thesis requires methodological accuracy to guarantee towards the contribution of material in the form of new discoveries.
b. Thesis
.... Thesis is a type of scientific work whose scientific weight is deeper and sharper than thesis. Written to complete postgraduate education. In writing it requires the ability to use technical terms; from terms to tables, from abstracts to bibliographies. That is, the ability of the independent - even though guided by the supervisor - becomes very basic. Although basically the same as the thesis, the thesis is deeper, sharper, and carried out independently.
c. Dissertation
.....The dissertation was written based on the original (scientific) findings in which the authors presented a proof that was proven based on valid data and facts with detailed analysis. The dissertation contains new discoveries, new philosophical views, new techniques or methods about something as a reflection of the development of science that is studied in a high level.
4. Scientific attitude
... In writing scientific papers there are 7 scientific attitudes which are attitudes that must exist. The scientific attitudes in question are as follows:
a.Curiosity. This curious attitude is seen in the habit of asking questions about various matters related to the field of study.
b. Critical attitude. This critical attitude can be seen in the habit of seeking as much information as possible with regard to the field of study to compare its advantages, its suitability, truth or not.
c. Open attitude. This open attitude can be seen in the habit of listening to opinions, arguments, criticisms, and other people's statements, even though in the end the opinions, arguments, criticisms, and other people's statements were not accepted because they were not in agreement or inappropriate.
d. Objective attitude. This objective attitude is seen in the habit of expressing what it is, without being followed by personal feelings.
e. A willingness to respect the work of others. This attitude of respect for the work of others is seen in the habit of clearly mentioning sources if the statement or opinion is indeed derived from the statements or opinions of others.
f. Brave attitude to defend the truth. This attitude appears in the determination to defend the facts and findings of the field or development even though it is contrary or not in accordance with the theory or the existing argument.
g. Attitudes reach forward. This attitude is proven by always wanting to prove the hypothesis he has developed for the development of his field of science.
5. Errors in writing scientific papers
.....The average errors in writing scientific works that hamper the completion are due to 'inconsistent' in writing. This form of inconsistency involves many things, it can be in the form of diction, quoting techniques, or even the flow of thinking itself. Various obstacles encountered in the process of scientific research writing are as follows:
• misunderstood the audience or reader of his writing, • wrong in compiling the reporting structure, • wrong in how to quote the opinions of others so that the impression of plagiarism (plagiarism), • wrong in writing the Conclusion section, • the use of Indonesian language that is not good and right, • procedures for writing "Bibliography" that are inappropriate (nonstandard and selfish), • inconsistent in display format (changing fonts, changing margins)
