Arachis hypogea
Groundnut is a hairy annual herb. It grows to about 15 to 60cm in height. When it matures the pod breaks open. Groundnut seed is ovoid in shape and it does not contain endosperm. Groundnut is a native of South America and was introduced into Nigeria in the 16th century. Countries that takes the lead when it comes to the producing groundnut are India, China, Nigeria, Senegal and the United States of America.
Groundnut is grown throughout the tropical world. Dry weather is required for ripening and harvesting. Well drained, loose and friable sandy loam well supplied with calcium and moderate amount of organic matter.
Groundnut required well prepared seedbed. Any crop residue or green manure must be worked into the soil about two to three weeks before planting. Planting is usually done mid March to April in the South and late May to July in the North.
Groundnut are eaten raw or roasted. Edible oil obtained from groundnut is used in making pea nut. The green hull is an excellent hay and fodder. A synthetic fibre is made from the protein of groundnut. Groundnut cake is very rich in protein and is used for feeding livestock.
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