Ahhhh... the joys of doing Early Music. In the Baroque era, there were many different pitches all across Europe for the A reference pitch.... generally, they were just whatever the local organ was tuned at... and these pitches would vary from town to town, country to country, and change throughout time. In the modern day, we have the A=440Hz reference pitch... although there are more than a few orchestras that are pushing higher and higher up to 443Hz in an effort to sound more brilliant or something...
So, in the Baroque era... we have documented evidence for pitches as low as A=392Hz all the way up to A=466Hz! And it wasn't too uncommon to mix instruments with different reference pitches... as winds and organs were not movable in pitch, whilst strings and voices were. Fine... organs wouldn't travel... but winds would!
In the modern day Early Music movement, we TRY to be authentic as possible... but there is practicality to be considered. If you are performing Baroque music from lots of different places... well, it wouldn't be practical to keep changing the reference pitch all through the concert! And so, the A=415Hz reference pitch was adopted for most of the High Baroque era music... with 466 for earlier German, and 392 for French.
Modern day harpsichords have this designed in mind... with the ability to move the keyboard so that you are playing in a range of 392/415/440/466 pitches, all of which are a complete semitone shunt. But having four options is rare... one is definitely normal, two is common, and three is unusual. Our larger harpsichord has a 415 and 440 option...
... but in our next concert, we have a musette (a sort of indoor bagpipe...) which is tuned at 392! Which we don't have on the harpsichord. So, we will have to mix pitches... with the harpsichord tuned at 440Hz (a whole tone mix is better for temperaments than a semitone mix).
... and I will use one violin tuned to 392 when I'm playing with the musette... and another at 440Hz when I'm playing only with the harpsichord (and no musette).
Yay... mixed pitch fun!
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