Giovanni Agnelli, Count Biscaretti di Ruflia and Count Bricherasio, set up the Italian Fabrica Italiana Automobili Torino, which started its activity with the absorption of Ceirano, which had the talented designer Faccioli, the creator of the first Fiat machine, with a horizontal cylinder- 3 pt. When the directors insisted that Faccioli create a new front-end engine, he resigned and was replaced by Enrico, who in 1902 brought a new 1.2-liter, four-cylinder engine that owed many of the new Mercedes introduced recently.
The years up to 1914 consisted of a series of 4-cylinder 1846 cc and 10,082 cc models, as well as a series of 6-cylinder engines and 7408 cc and 11,034 cc. In any case Fiat, known as F.I.A.T. until the end of 1906, did not attempt to produce a mass popular model until 1912, when it was released "Tipo Zero" 1946 cc.
1930s
The post-war period came with the Cavalli 501, 4-cylinder and 1.5-liter, with more than 45,000 models built by 1926. Besides, Fiat produced one of its few failures, the super luxury V12 Super Fiat of 6.8 l; and Tipo 519 6-cylinder was produced until 1929. In 1925 it launched a modern and lightweight model, the 509, with a 990cc ohm engine and sold 90,000 to 1929. Other end-of-year models 1920 were the Tipo 514 with 1440cc, Tipo 521 with 2516cc and Tipo 525 with 3740cc, the last two with 6 cylinders.
A major step forward was made in 1932 with Tipo 508 Ballila (named after a fascist organization), a 995cc horse, with 25 hp and 36 hp sports. It was built by NSU under license, in Germany, in Czechoslovakia by Walter and in France by Simca (which also offered a very fast version created by Gordini). The aerodynamic form and type Dubonnet of the 1500 model of 1936 led to the appearance of the "Topolino" Tipo 500, 4-cylinder and 570 cc over the radiator, with two seats, which continued to be produced without changes until 1948.
The '50s
When the war broke out, the best-selling Fiat models were 500 and 1100 or Millecento, and the largest available model was 2852 cc with 6 cylinders. Immediately after the war, the 1400-cylinder four-cylinder engine of 1950 was not up to date. The last Topolino, the 500h ohv, was replaced by a new 633cc in 1955, sold in a million copies until 1960.
Nuova 500 appeared in 1957 with 499 cc ohv. More than 3 million copies were built until it was removed from production and replaced by 126, since 1972. In 1966, the most popular Fiat models, 124, with 1197cc and 1438cc, were produced, which was also the basis for high production licensed cars, especially in the Eastern countries. A new 125 cc 1608cc four-cylinder turbo was introduced in 1967, alongside the 1500L and 1481cc, 6-cylinder 1795cc, 1800b and 2300L, 2279cc; Dino Spyder and Coupe with the 187cc Ferrari dohc, Dino V6, launched in 1966.
The '60s
In 1969, Fiat took over Lancia and Ferrari, and in 1971, Abarth. That year Fiat launched the 127 fwd, 903cc ohv, 4 cylinders; the 128 model is another 116cc and 1290cc fwd. Successor of 124, Mirafiore 131 was available with a 1297cc or 1585cc engine. There was also a 1955cc Abarth, with 5-speed and 140 hp gearbox, capable of reaching 145mph in racing. A conventional mid-sized car, 132, had 4 cylinders and 1585 cc or 1995cc. Fiat introduced in 1973 a series of sports cars: X 1/9, with 1290cc.
