Newborns depend on their food for their own stock, especially the stock of calcium in the liver, because breastfeeding does not begin until the first two or three days of the child.
Calcium is stored in the baby's liver during fetal development. In the first week of the child's age, the stock is reduced to 20 g / kg of liver weight due to the use of this as a major food for the child in the first week of life.
Breastfeeding begins after the first three days, either through the mother or breast-feeding. Breastfeeding periods should be divided into five meals a day. The first meal starts at 6 am and the last at 10 pm, and each meal has four hours of rest.
At the beginning of a child's life, he may need to reduce the lactation interval, which is three hours between the meals instead of four hours.
A child usually needs 160 cc / kg of weight per day.
Child growth
The baby grows by dividing the cells as well as enlarging the size of the cells.
Protein and dna are the two main factors for cell division and enlargement.
When dna is increased with a constant protein / dna ratio, the cells are in a split state.
When the protein / DNA ratio is high, the volume of cells increases. Cell division and cell proliferation work in the first year of a child's life.
After the first year and stop breastfeeding, the process of cell division stops and the process of cell inflation increases.
Among the cells that are growing are brain cells, and form about 90% of cells at the end of the fifth year of the child and 100% in the tenth year. Good nutrition effectively affects the process of cell growth, and thus the growth of the child.
Growth retardation was observed in malnourished or undernourished children.
Since the first five years are important in the age of the child, where about 90% of the brain cells are formed, any deficiency in the nutrition of children during the first five years of age leads to a retardation in the growth of brain cells in addition to the overall growth of the child.
It was found that the circumference of the head of children after the seventh year of life and who were malnourished at the beginning of their lives, especially in the first two years of life is less than the circumference of the head of ordinary children, indicating the lack of brain development. When IQ was measured in these children, it was found to be less than that of children with proper nutrition.
This indicates that malnutrition in the first and second years will have an effective effect on the growth of brain cells, and that this lack of nutrition leads to permanent underdevelopment that can not be corrected. Therefore, children should be fed good nutrition during the first five years of life.
The child needs energy
The child's need for food energy is very high compared to his weight, ranging from 120-130 calories / kg of weight per day.
The rate goes down to 110 calories / kg of weight per day at the end of the third month of life.
It has been observed that some children who consume energy prescribed for them in comparison to their age and weight complain of underweight and growth, and this is caused by that children are born and their bodies need high energy and others are born and their bodies need a little energy, children born with little energy need to grow at To feed them as planned for their age and weight naturally.But children who are born in need of high energy, when you feed them what is planned for their ages and weight, we find them complaining of undernourishment and delayed growth. When we find a child does not gradually increase weight with an increase in age depends on breast milk to feed it should know that this child Born in a class whose body needs high energy and the energy given to it by the mother's milk is not sufficient "in the absence of diseases that affect the child." In this case, the child should be given an additional breast-feeding, Energy needed for natural growth.
Child's need for protein
Protein is a necessary nutrient for the growth stage in children. The child needs a high protein content in his diet in the first months of his life and his need for protein decreases as the child ages.
The mother's milk supplies the child with 6% of the energy as a protein, and the rest of the energy comes from fats and carbohydrates found in the milk.
In the sense that breast milk provides the child with the amount necessary for the development of the child in the first stage of his age and do not need to give him extra amounts of protein. The child needs protein in three processes - growth, maturation, protein retention, and any deficiency in the intake protein - affecting the child's vital processes.
Child's need for vitamins
The need for the child to some vitamins in the first year of age, especially vitamin A and d and c Therefore, these vitamins should be given either by eating fruit juice or whale liver fat or medical drops containing these vitamins.
The need for these vitamins is dependent on the second year of life, but in some non-sunny areas such as European and Scandinavian countries, it is preferable to continue giving vitamin D to prevent the baby from being rickets.
Vitamin A
The child stores this vitamin in his liver and the stored amount is enough for six months of age.
For the body's need for vitamin A in the growth process, and for the rapid growth process in the first year, children should be given after the first six months of their food items containing this vitamin, such as fruit juice or whale liver fat or drops containing vitamin A to prevent the delay in growth in children.
A child needs vitamin A in the first year and into the third year of 300-350 micrograms / day. In the fourth year and into the sixth year, the child needs about 300 micrograms / day.
Foods that are rich in vitamin A are every 100 grams of the substance:
Butter 830 micrograms, whale liver fat 18,000 micrograms, eggs 140 micrograms, milk 40 micrograms, cheese, 320 carrots 2000 micrograms, tomatoes 100 micrograms, bananas 50 micrograms, oranges 8 micrograms.
The mother's milk provides the child with 30 micrograms / 100 ccs, and the milk is 30-40 micrograms / 100 cc. Therefore, to meet this deficiency should give the child in the first year drops containing vitamin A or a tablespoon cup of whale liver fat.
Vitamin d
Children need vitamin D to prevent rickets. WHO has recognized the need for vitamin D for children at 0 μg / day.
The mother's milk contains 8.0 micrograms / 100 cc of milk and is in the form of sulfate dissolved in water, which is easily absorbed by the baby's intestines.
Industrial milk contains a small amount of vitamin D "less than five times the milk of the mother."
Therefore, in case of a child being rickets, it is recommended to give vitamin D to children after the first six months of life as a prevention of this disease.
There are medical drops containing a mixture of vitamin a and d.
And giving a tablespoon of whale liver fat gives the child 9 μg of vitamin D in addition to contain vitamin A.
Vitamin c
The body needs vitamin C to prevent scurvy, bleeding, and fractures, as well as prevention of diseases and blood cells.
The child needs 20 mg / day of vitamin C. The infant's milk is provided with 8.3 micrograms / 100 cc. Industrial milk is supplied with 105 micrograms / 100 cc. Therefore, children who depend on industrial nutrition should take drops containing vitamin C to compensate for their deficiency. Or give them orange juice.
Vitamin Folic Acid "Folic Acid"
The baby needs vitamin Folic acid to make blood cells.
The body's need for this vitamin for children is 50-60 microgram / day in its first year.
The child needs 100 micrograms / day in the five years of age. Since mother's milk contains 5 micrograms / 100c and the baby needs 50-60 microgram / day, the storage of the folate will gradually decrease, affecting the process of making Blood cells in children. It is therefore recommended to give drops containing the vitamin "Folic acid" to children after the first six months of the child to prevent the prevention of anemia.
Iron
The baby's body needs iron to make "hemoglobin" and in the case of iron deficiency, the child becomes anemic.
The baby has enough iron for 4-6 months of age.
In the first year and up to the fifth year, the child needs 5-10 mg / day of iron.
The milk contains a small amount of iron, ranging between 1.0-2.0 mg / 100C, so the child should be given after the first six months drops containing iron as prevention of anemia.
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