Hi friends!
The Tulip month in Istanbul continues its March. For the thirteenth year in a row, the whole city is covered in a beautiful floral outfit.
This year, 30 million tulips were planted in Istanbul! 125 varieties! To think only! The opening of the main carpet of the festival was held on 11 April, but for technical reasons was postponed to the 12th. But we went just 11 and was still in the process of revision.
On all sides stood guard. It was hard to take pictures of the flower carpet entirely.
The carpet next to the Hagia Sophia took an area of 1734 square meters. To make such a canvas, it took more than half a million tulips!
The exact number of tulips in the carpet - 565 000 pieces. Why this figure?
In 1453 Mehmet the Conqueror took the existence of the Byzantine Empire and recaptured Istanbul. This year marks the 565th anniversary of liberation.
It is 1465 that can be considered the beginning of a new time for the Turkish people. Carpet of tulips dedicated to this historic event. Therefore, it was decorated with a number of 565 tulips. A big concert of the Tulip festival was held on April 12. Everyone will be able to see the beautiful creation of florists until April 30. Tomorrow's the last day.
Carpet at the Hagia Sophia-a great decoration. We will look into the temple itself, I love it very much. Turkish organization IRCICA spent three days international exhibition of works of the best calligraphers in Hagia Sophia. All my obsessions come to life.
IRCICA is an organization of Turkey aimed at the study and development of Islamic culture. Exists since 1980.
Main areas of work of IRCICA:
- Islamic culture and international relations;
- The study of the cultures of antiquity;
- The architecture of Islam;
- Art history and art of Islam;
- Development of crafts and Handicrafts.
Istanbul is an international calligraphy center
The artist Sheikh Hamdullah (15th century) made a huge contribution to the direction of Islamic calligraphy in Turkey. It was he who made a number of changes and introduced certain rules in Turkish calligraphy. Arabic letters have become warmer and more tender. It was the rise of the art of calligraphy in those days.
The art of calligraphy is frozen poetry
The birth of Islamic calligraphy took place in the 7th century. The art of calligraphy was practiced in the era of Seljuk, the Ottoman Empire.
Painter Yilmaz Turan
The international exhibition in Istanbul was held under the motto:
The Holy Quran was transferred to Mecca, read in Egypt, and written in Istanbul.
The purpose of the exhibition is to preserve and enhance the traditions of Islam and unite the calligraphers of the world for close cooperation.
Painter Turhan Sevgili
Under the domes of Hagia Sophia, the works were presented by calligraphers from all over the world
This is an amazing sight in the holiest place of Istanbul. All paintings are permeated by the history of the ancient Cathedral, and many were able to witness. Not so often you see the work of calligraphers from different countries under the same sky. I present a small part of the works of artists to get acquainted with this direction.
The history of the art of calligraphy in Turkey
We all know that Turkey has been famous since historical times for its architecture, ceramics and handmade carpets. But we can not say that in the fine arts have historically been some success. What's the reason?
The artists were limited by the prohibition of Islam to draw people and animals. The search for artists for several centuries (until the 19th century) was concentrated in the faceless beauty of ornament and calligraphy.
Plus the development of the art of calligraphy was due to the fact that the Holy Quran was not allowed to print. Only the best masters could rewrite it manually.
Painter Dr. Fatih Ozkara
The art of calligraphy contributed to the advancement of the Arabic language
A believer who wanted to become a theologian had to learn Arabic without fail in order to understand all the subtleties of the Koran. So for many years the Arabic language became commonplace among the people of Islam.
Like any other direction, calligraphy gradually developed and its rules and laws appeared. Certain styles of writing have been developed.
Kufi is considered to be the starting style of calligraphy. They were angular letters. They easily lay down on any material, for example, on the walls of the mosque. A bit later, and other styles. Clerks very slowly worked on each letter. The thickness and length of the lines were very important.
Painter Fatma Ozcay
Mastery of calligraphy can be learned only from a master. Those who passed training (5 years) were given diplomas. Thus, calligraphy was a very deep part of the culture of the Turkish people. In the 11th century it was already possible to use the six writing styles:
- Kufas
- Sulus.
- Nashi
- Rick " a
- Thuluth
- Diwani
- Muhakkak
- Nastaliq
Painter Nilüfer Kurtas-Selim Salam
It is worth noting that many Ottoman sultans were fond of calligraphy. Masters of this direction are very appreciated. The works of the best writers bought for a lot of money. As it was previously written, Sheikh Hamdullah was able to improve calligraphy. The master was at the court of Sultan Bayazid II. Many mosques in Istanbul were painted by Sheikh Hamdullah. The Museum of calligraphy in Istanbul is located in the madrasa of the Bayazid mosque. And that's not surprising. Sultan himself was a passionate fan of calligraphy.
Painter Nihan Shishman
Under the Sultan Ahmed III in the early 18th century stood out for his excellent work calligrapher Seyid Abdullah-Efendi. His secret was also in the special ink that he used.
Painter Menaf Nam
You can select the names of calligraphers of historical times:
Yesarizade Mustafa Izzet
Hafiz Osman
Sami-Efendi
Mehmet Emin Uskudar
Famous Turkish calligraphers of the 18th-20th centuries:
Mustafa Halim
Yedikuleli Abd Allah
Kamil Akdik
The Rankings Darwish Ali
Painter Levent Karaduman
Continuing the history of Turkish art, it should be noted that only under Sultan Abdul Aziz (1861-1876) religious stereotypes of isolation have moved. For the first time the Sultan sends artists to study abroad in France. Abdul-Aziz was a great lover of painting. Several artists of the Ottoman Empire for the first time were lucky to know the direction of European art. So gradually opens up a whole world of which Turkish artists looked with great care.
Painter Faruk Tashkent
In the medieval period Turkish art formed a big gap compared to the achievements of Western plastic arts.
Turkish artist suddenly sees all these riches and endless possibilities. But the old dogmas prevent you to relax and immerse yourself in the mystery of the human soul, to draw and convey all the subtle moments of the image. After so many years it was forbidden to draw humans and animals! Many could not overcome the prohibitions and continued to paint only landscapes. But the new technology gradually became fascinated by Turkish artists. Since then, a new era in Turkish art has begun.
Painter Dr. Mehmet Metis
The first Turkish artist, who boldly begins to draw people - is Osman Handi (1842-1910).
Interesting how dogma influence the development of people. We draw some little men and animals from childhood. In Islam, children have been taught since childhood that this is not the case. It's unthinkable! And so many centuries. Of course, Turkish artists imitated Europeans a lot. But otherwise, how much of their inner instincts were kept in a cage. And thinking was clogged with centuries-old stereotypes. Who was more flexible, quickly joined in the freedom of action. So gradually the quantity passed into quality.
Painter Osman Ozcay
Since the 20th century, the Turkish art of calligraphy has been gradually losing its position as a favorite. The artists now have thousands of ways and opportunities to Express their inner state not only with the help of letters, words and phrases from the Koran. It remains a part of Islamic artists who continue to engage in calligraphy, but begin to add to their paintings compositions of flowers and other elements.
Painter Savash Chevik
Modern calligraphy is the interweaving of many techniques. But there remain Turkish artists who pass their knowledge from generation to generation, preserving the old traditions of historical calligraphy. Currently, many practices are lost. But sincere Turkish connoisseurs of Islamic calligraphy do not let this culture disappear. Research is ongoing and information is collected bit by bit.
Painter Mehmet Metis
I would like to note the famous calligrapher of Turkey, Professor Hussein Oksuz, who was educated by master Hamid Aytach. It is this Professor who is engaged in the revival of Islamic calligraphy throughout his life. Hussein Oksuz studied calligraphy with his teacher and mentor Hamid for 10 years. Only after that he received a permit for teaching. Hussein Oksuz decorated with calligraphy mosque not only in Turkey but also abroad. He has a huge number of disciples who want to follow in his footsteps to preserve the culture of Islam.
Calligraphy is the most amazing and the most difficult kind in Islamic art.
Painter Ferhat Kurlu
Turkish people cherish their cultural heritage. Exhibitions, trainings and conferences devoted to the art of calligraphy are constantly held. More and more young people are attracted by such a subtle kind of activity. Looking at the paintings in Hagia Sophia, I noticed that many young people are interested in calligraphy. Some long idle at pictures and enthusiastically considered each detail.
Painter Turhan Sevgili
From sovremennyh calligraphers of the world can distinguish the following artists:
AFASH ABU Hassan, CHOBITKO Pyotr Petrovich, Mohammed, ALEXANDER Ganzorig, ACKOFF Karen, AUGUSTO Tomar, BAKKE Natalia V., KOZUBOVA Nina, AHMED shahnawaz Alam, Mari Emily bohley, VANEAN Samvel borschivs'kyi Abraham-ers, VANCE Julia BRIM Gunnlaugur, DESAI Manohar Vital, ANNUM Muhammad Abdullah, Yevgeny DOBROVINSKY, D"ANASTASIO, Michelle, INGMIRE Thomas, Vera EVSTAFIEVA B., Claudio GIL and others.
Painter Bern Karabulut Kervan
Wonderful paintings of these artists, which are distinguished by originality and beauty. Some paintings can be viewed here. You can also compare Turkish calligraphy and works that are not subject to Islamic subjects.
Painter Kadriye Bayraktar
That brings me to the end of a short excursion into the culture of Islamic art. Hope this theme will sound a little different now for you.
Photo taken on the iPhone 6S+
Thank you for your attention! Today is another wonderful day! All good sentiments!
From Turkey, @rosy440.
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