From what I can see, China imports a lot of fertilizer from the rest of the world, so that that is an important aspect of the situation, yes.
One corporation fertilizes the soil (minus the essential micro nutrients required for full health to blossom in people) and other groups defertilize the humans through covert means. If we were to compare this to a garden, it is equivalent to a gardener trying to grow some plants but not others.
RE: Is The World Overpopulated And What Can We Do To Solve The Issue? - An Answer To EcoTrain QOTW 10.4