IndonesiaIndonesian history consists of many stages / periods. Broadly speaking, the history of Indonesia consists of prehistoric periods, ancient / classical periods, middle periods, periods of colonialism, the early period of independence, and the modern period.
Prehistoric period
Ancient human fossils such as Homo erectus, which anthropologists also dubbed "Java Man", gave rise to the notion that the Indonesian archipelago had begun to inhabit between two million and 500,000 years ago. But the truth about this is much debated. [16] Until 75000 BC, the western mainland of the archipelago (about the western islands including Sumatra, Java and present Kalimantan) still merged with the mainland of Asia. In this century also eruption of Mount Toba, which is touted as one of the largest volcanic eruptions in history that caused climate change which is said to almost destroy the modern human population at that time. Humanity itself has not actually reached Sumatra, the wave of migration from Africa has been temporarily halted due to this eruption. Mount Toba then sank and its calder formed a large lake of the same name. Around the 25th century BC, the first wave of modern human migration arrived at the archipelago. Early civilizations and early cultures began to form during the Holocene era (10000 BC years) marking the end of the ice age and this land began to separate from the mainland of Asia and then split to form the archipelago as it is now. Since then, the Melanesians who were the first modern human nation in the archipelago formed early cultures. The arrival of Austronesians from mainland Taiwan which began to arrive in the archipelago around 2000 years BC caused the Melanesians who were already there to be pushed to areas far east of the archipelago, although there were some who assimilated / acculturated with the migrants. [17] With fertile volcanic soil conditions, abundant biodiversity, coupled with the ability to grow crops owned by humans at that time led to agricultural activities and settlements began to form and grow rapidly. [18] Advanced civilizations like Proto-Malays and Deutro-Malays began to develop in this century.
