Hello Reader,
I frequently get asked a specific question from people that are learning about blockchains. Often they are struggling to grasp exactly what they are capable of and why they are thought to be so revolutionary.
In this article, we are going to take a look at a number of examples of how blockchain technology can revolutionise existing industries or even create entirely new ones.
At the core, blockchains are decentralised permissionless databases. Their primary utility is that they remove the need for trusted middlemen, lower cost and speed up traditional processes and systems. Additionally, they offer added benefits of accuracy through logic driven execution and automatic backup of transaction records.
With this in mind, there are a number of concepts and applications that are ripe for reinvention using this new technology.
Hopefully the first example is obvious if you've already spent a little time on this site. Blockchains are the technology that make trustless decentralised digital crypto currency possible. Take a look at this article for more on crypto currency.
Traditional legal contracts are offline analogue agreements between two or more parties to take a certain course of action or perform an agreed upon exchange.
The invention of blockchain technology creates the possibility of smart contracts. The concept was initially proposed by early cypherpunk Nick Szabo who we first came across when looking at the inspirations of bitcoin.
They take the concept of a legal contract and convert it to computer code which is stored on and executed by the blockchain. In effect, they are self executing contracts that remove the need for traditional middlemen.
Each smart contract contains the terms of a transaction and has the ability to automatically execute and enforce those terms.
In theory, this means that many of the legal exchanges that are traditionally facilitated by middlemen (e.g. lawyers) can now be executed automatically for less cost and lower risk.
Let's illustrate with my favourite example, buying and selling an expensive asset, for example a house.
Today, you would work with a conveyancer to draw up a legal contract to purchase the house. The person you are buying from would do the same with their own conveyancer. At an agreed date, you would transfer the funds to your conveyancer who would then send it on to the sellers conveyancer and obtain the title deeds to the property for you. The sellers conveyancer would then send the funds to your seller and at that point the process is complete, you now have the deeds to your new house and the seller has the funds.
This process can take months to complete and of course both you and the seller will be spending significant sums of money on fees paid to your respective conveyancers.
How could this exchange be facilitated by a smart contract instead?
It is possible to digitise title deeds and store them on the blockchain. Once on the blockchain, a seller could create a smart contract which offers the property for sale for a set price for a pre-determined window of time. During that window, any prospective buyer could send the required funds to the smart contract to purchase the title deed and therefore the property. Once the smart contract receives funds, it runs an internal logic to check if it has received enough to purchase the title deed. If it has, it automatically transfers the title deed to the buyer and the funds to the seller and could even refund any extra funds sent by mistake back to the buyer. If it hasn't received enough funds, it will wait until enough are received or the time window on the contract expires at which point it will refund the insufficient funds back to the buyer.
At this point, the seller has the funds they wanted and the buyer has the title deed which they can verify ownership of to any interested party by signing a transaction with the respective private key.
We could even take this one step further and enable multiple participants to contribute funding and share ultimate ownership. For example a buyer may contribute a deposit and a mortgage provider could provide the balance. Title deeds could then be split between the buyer and mortgage provider. Further still, repayment of the mortgage could take place automatically via the blockchain with title deed ownership percentages being adjusted instantly.
This entire process could have taken place without either party ever having met the other. Further, it is conducted without either individual needing to trust the other or use a third party escrow or lawyer to act on their behalf.
The transaction is completely visible and verifiable on the public blockchain and both parties are now free to do whatever they wish with their respective assets. This whole process could be conducted in a matter of minutes rather than months and both individuals are substantially better off having avoided paying significant fees.
Starting to sound something like a revolution?
This technology can be applied to many different traditional processes which currently require the use of middlemen. Let's take a look at some specific examples...
I think that's enough food for thought for the time being. At least five of those make me incredibly excited for the future of blockchain technology.
In my upcoming articles, I will be exploring some of these concepts in much more detail using real world examples which already have functioning prototypes.
I'll also be updating this article as I come across new ideas and applications so please check back from time to time.
Sayonara.
If you’ve enjoyed this article, it would be my honour to have you as a regular reader.
Yours, X
Image: Wikimedia.org
Roxy is ready for her close up...
