it is advisable to divide digital products into three groups, based on the characteristics of their production and consumption.
The first group includes products that are originally developed in digital format and do not have a material prototype, these are software, films and videos shot with a digital camera, electronic books that do not have a paper prototype, as well as other initially digital products. The fundamental difference between this group and the other two is that there are no copies here, only clones. All of them have the same value, but different for different consumers. Here, all the problems described above are fully manifested, including the problem of "piracy" and the problem of price differentiation.
The second group consists of digital copies of conventional products that retain the functional qualities of their prototypes. This includes digital copies of films originally shot on film, digitized books and documents, digitized works of art, and the like. Unlike products from the first group, here we can talk about the original and copies. Quite often, the original is valued more than a copy, and in some cases the price of the original can be several orders of magnitude higher than the price of a digital copy. For example, the original of a painting or a unique document is largely valued precisely because of its uniqueness, and not just because of its content. Therefore, distribution of digital copies does not devalue the original. Therefore, the problem of "piracy" for such products is either absent or manifests itself in an erased form. For example, you can create something of your own:
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Finally, the third group is made up of digital images of conventional products that do not replace their prototypes in consumption, but allow them to be managed more efficiently. the Uber system that manages the taxi fleet and similar systems. Each machine in the system has a digital image of it, including its current location, current employment, and so on. which allows not only to track the movement of all machines, but also to optimize their work. Of course, a real car, and not its image, arrives for the client at his request, but the client can watch its movement on the smartphone screen. Similar ways of organizing are used in other sectors of the service sector. This process is known as the “uberization” of the economy and is considered one of the main elements of digital transformation. Another important area of digital transformation - the use of additive technologies or 3d printing - is associated with the transfer of digital images of real products, while real products created on the basis of their digital images are consumed.
