Snakes have poisonous ones. An elephant's ivory can easily tear the body of its prey. The very interesting thing is, even though it is not supported by weapons naturally in its body, humans can still successfully reach the top of the food chain. Why?
There are two main reasons behind human success in reaching the top of the food chain: human reproductive abilities are very good (and fast), and human intelligence is very high.
The ability to reproduce clearly gives a number of benefits to humans so that humans can roll around to hunt other predators in nature. A large amount will certainly have an impact on the potential success of a hunt.
But the more important thing is human intelligence, which gives birth to things such as weapons, strategy and culture. It is this human thinking ability that ultimately brings people to the glory that humans are enjoying now. The peak of the food chain and the ruler of the world.
This paper will discuss aspects of the human mind, especially on modern aspects of human thinking that produce the renaissance of science and technology that is being experienced.
It can be said that one of the main advantages of human intelligence is the ability of observation and innovation that is unmatched. The ability of human innovation has been seen from the beginning of human evolution (in the days of ancient humans).
Stone hard and painful when kicked. Hit the stone to the opponent's head and win. Fangs are dangerous because they are sharp. Sharpen the stone so that it can be sharp so that it can tear the prey meat. Hurry can move faster, agile, and have a greater attack distance.
Pair stones to wood to throw or add attack distance. The soul of innovation that humans naturally possess like this is the main factor of humans reaching the top of the food chain.
But reaching the top of the food chain is not the same as the mastery of the world achieved by modern humans. Bears are at the top of the food chain but do not rule the world. The same thing happens to tigers, wolves, eagles and even crocodiles.
Mastery of the world in addition to requiring a place at the top of the food chain also requires extraordinary communication and coordination skills. Communication skills are needed to explain and understand complex problems.
also needed the ability to help and unite in achieving the same goals. The incomparable ability of human observation eventually gave birth to a tool for humans to achieve that goal: language.
Human language ability opens the possibility for humans to communicate well with each other. Communication facilitates coordination. Good coordination results in regularity.
Men hunt while women guard their homes and care for children. Resettlement is carried out together to facilitate the conquest of new areas. The tribal leader distributes tasks to tribal members so that the work runs efficiently. In the end, human communication skills produce culture
The Human reproductive ability combined with the civilization that was built caused the population in a civilization to be very large. The large population of a civilization causes a nomadic way of life (to move) to be impractical. Humans finally stop living a nomadic life and stay permanently in one particular place.
Permanent residence causes humans to think of many new things, such as life and environmental phenomena, broad critical human thinking, and various other basic things.
The description of these things in the form of basic concepts is what is known to the modern world as philosophy. Philosophy speaks of many things, from the existence, knowledge, value of life, cause and effect, though, to language.
Philosophy itself comes from the Greek philosophy which means "love of wisdom". A true philosopher is never tired and stops seeking the truth.
How about philosophy and technology knowledge?
The main pillar of the builder of philosophy is critical and rational thinking. Philosophy not only seeks new ideas but also analyzes and tests the fruits of this new thought. There is always controversy between the two philosophers with different views on each era.
Anselm from Canterbury and Gaunilo from Marmoutiers, Bertrand Russell and Kurt Godel, Ren Descartes and Blaise Pascal, Leonhard Euler with Daniel Bernoulli and Gottfried Leibniz with Christian Wolff, Bishop Berkeley and Samuel Johnson, Immanuel Kant and David Hume, and others.
Was a prominent German polymath and philosopher in the history of mathematics and the history of philosophy. His most notable accomplishment was conceiving the ideas of differential and integral calculus, independently of Isaac Newton's contemporaneous developments. Mathematical works have always favoured Leibniz's notation as the conventional expression of calculus, while Newton's notation became unused. It was only in the 20th century that Leibniz's law of continuity and the transcendental law of homogeneity found mathematical implementation (by means of non-standard analysis). He became one of the most prolific inventors in the field of mechanical calculators. While working on adding automatic multiplication and division to Pascal's calculator, he was the first to describe a pinwheel calculator in 1685 and invented the Leibniz wheel, used in the arithmometer, the first mass-produced mechanical calculator. He also refined the binary number system, which is the foundation of all digital computers.In philosophy, Leibniz is most noted for his optimism, i.e. his conclusion that our Universe is, in a restricted sense, the best possible one that God could have created, an idea that was often lampooned by others such as Voltaire. Leibniz, along with René Descartes and Baruch Spinoza, was one of the three great 17th-century advocates of rationalism. The work of Leibniz anticipated modern logic and analytic philosophy, but his philosophy also looks back to the scholastic tradition, in which conclusions are produced by applying reason to first principles or prior definitions rather than to empirical evidence. Wikipedia source
This does not mean that philosophy has a love of controversy. Critical and rational thinking will generate good analysis and testing. Any analysis and testing will give birth to the party who submitted the claim and opposition. This is what causes a lot of controversy in the history of philosophy.
Leibniz made major contributions to physics and technology, and anticipated notions that surfaced much later in philosophy, probability theory, biology, medicine, geology, psychology, linguistics, and computer science. He wrote works on philosophy, politics, law, ethics, theology, history, and philology. Leibniz also contributed to the field of library science. While serving as overseer of the Wolfenbüttel library in Germany, he devised a cataloging system that would serve as a guide for many of Europe's largest libraries. Leibniz's contributions to this vast array of subjects were scattered in various learned journals, in tens of thousands of letters, and in unpublished manuscripts. He wrote in several languages, but primarily in Latin, French, and German. There is no complete gathering of the writings of Leibniz translated into English. Wikipedia source
Philosophy observes phenomena. The Phenomenon is everything that can be seen, experienced, or felt. A phenomenon is neutral, meaning that a phenomenon occurs naturally, and occurs without benefiting or harming anyone.
this is very related with a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject (the analog, or source) to another (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process. In a narrower sense, analogy is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction, in which at least one of the premises, or the conclusion, is general rather than particular in nature. The term analogy can also refer to the relation between the source and the target themselves, which is often (though not always) a similarity, as in the biological notion of analogy. Rutherford's model of the atom (modified by Niels Bohr) made an analogy between the atom and the solar system. Analogy plays a significant role in problem solving, as well as decision making, argumentation, perception, generalization, memory, creativity, invention, prediction, emotion, explanation, conceptualization and communication. It lies behind basic tasks such as the identification of places, objects and people, for example, in face perception and facial recognition systems. It has been argued that analogy is "the core of cognition". Specific analogical language comprises exemplification, comparisons, metaphors, similes, allegories, and parables, but not metonymy. Phrases like and so on, and the like, as if, and the very word like also rely on an analogical understanding by the receiver of a message including them. Analogy is important not only in ordinary language and common sense (where proverbs and idioms give many examples of its application) but also in science, philosophy, law and the humanities. The concepts of association, comparison, correspondence, mathematical and morphological homology, homomorphism, iconicity, isomorphism, metaphor, resemblance, and similarity are closely related to analogy. In cognitive linguistics, the notion of conceptual metaphor may be equivalent to that of analogy. Analogy is also a basis for any comparative arguments as well as experiments whose results are transmitted to objects that have been not under examination (e.g., experiments on rats when results are applied to humans). Analogy has been studied and discussed since classical antiquity by philosophers, scientists, theologists and lawyers. The last few decades have shown a renewed interest in analogy, most notably in cognitive science. Wikipedia source
Phenomena can also be undesirable, occur outside the existing pattern and usually take sides, in the sense of providing benefits for one party and giving harm to the other party.
A neutral phenomenon is called a problem, and a non-neutral phenomenon is called a problem. Problems are something that is learned to understand the causes and how it works.
The problem is something that is not desirable, therefore it is learned to find a solution. An example of a problem is the existence of a river or the phenomenon of rain. While an example of a problem such as flooding can be caused by overflowing rivers. Notice how in the example given, a problem (river) can turn into a problem (flood)!
Philosophy in its development will produce science, and science in its development will produce technology. Science is patristic, ie conclusions are drawn after repeated testing.
Philosophy, on the other hand, is prior, that is, conclusions are drawn based on facts and contemplation, not repeated testing. A philosophy which is the result of learning and processes because of critical and rational thinking processes.
Observation and experimentation will produce new knowledge. In simple terms it can be done by making the philosopher pondering and fixing a problem, then he will produce new knowledge to explain the cause and effect of a problem.
This is also what causes almost all early philosophers to concurrently as scientists. For example Plato, Aristotle, and Pythagoras. In the further development, a philosopher who was concurrently a scientist was rarely encountered because the development of philosophical science at a practical level was defeated by the development of science and technology at a practical level.
When a philosopher ponders and explores a problem, he will produce a new technology to solve the problem. Technology generally uses (implements) science to achieve the desired goals.
In the world of modern education, technology development even has its own branch of science, namely Engineering (Engineering). The development of human technology has started from ancient times, when a stone and wood were bound to become spears or when wheels were created to facilitate the movement of human habitation.
Technology is usually used to make it easier for humans to regulate and adapt to the environment. Simply put, technology can be defined as the development and use of various knowledge, devices, techniques, systems, or methods to solve a particular problem.
So from the description above, it can be concluded that Philosophy is the fruit of human thought, which is based on the contemplation of the phenomena that occur around it. Philosophy contemplates neutral phenomena (problems) and non-neutral phenomena (problems). In its development, philosophy produces science, and the use of science to achieve certain goals produces technology.
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