The average pride consists of about 15 individuals, including five to 10 females with their young and two or three territorial males that are usually brothers or pride mates.
Lion are plentiful in the bigger National Parks but will often tend to stay in the remote parts for long periods at a time. They are the only cats moving in family groups and normally occupy a well defined territory.
In the southern part of South Luangwa the territories are quite small and the numbers in the groups quite large, some over twenty. Typically, two or more dominant males protect the territory against intruders. Several lionesses may produce cubs at one time and share the feeding. Eighty percent of the cubs will not survive to maturity for a number of reasons. Firstly, a new dominant male might kill off the cubs of the defeated male so ensuring the survival of his own offspring. Secondly lions are not the most efficient hunters and often go hungry, and when a kill is made, the adults generally eat first. If the cubs didn’t get enough to sustain them and another kill is not made soon enough, the cubs are the first to die.
Within the pride, the territorial males are the fathers of all the cubs. When a lioness is in heat, a male will join her, staying with her constantly. The pair usually mates for less than a minute, but it does so about every 15 to 30 minutes over a period of four to five days. Before maturity at four years, young males are evicted from the group to live a nomadic existence, unwanted in any other lion territory. Many don’t survive as they are not yet efficient hunters, and if one cannot fend for itself, it starves.
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