Anyone who believes science should not be questioned is relying on faith & failing at science.

That's true, but if scientists would doubt every single aspect of science(including evidence in form of photos), there would be no more advancement.

If the earth was flat, the distance between you and the sun would change.
At about 3pm it would be rougly 1.4 times farther away than at 12 am, as illustrated by this image:

As you know the energy delivered to a certain area is proportional to the distance squared.
Therefor the energy delivered by the sun would be 2 times higher at 12 am, than at 3 pm. Energy delivered on an area that is orthogonal to the direction of the light.
On a sunny day you can really easy test if that's the case using a cheap solar panel() holding it like this at both times of the day:

The only thing you would need to then is measuring the energy the solar panel outputs at the given times. This can be done using an amperemeter(you probably have one around somewhere in your house. If not I could help you find another way to measure the energy).
Try it out.