Calisthenics according to history was a method of warfare introduced by the spartans to combat the great army of King Xerxes.
The method of body fitness was first recorded at around 480 B.C, with Herodotus’ account of the battle of the Thermopolylae.
It was reported that ,prior to this battle , the god-king Xerxes sent a scout party to spy on his spartan enemies. And the scouts informed Xerxes that the Spartans,under the leadership of King Leonidas, were practicing some kind of bizarre ,synchronized movement similar to a tribal dance. King Xerxes was amused by this report, while his own army was comprised of over 120,000 men, the Spartans had just 300. King Leonidas was informed that he must retreat to avoid been annihilated.
However, the Spartans did not retreat but rather engaged and managed to hold Xerxes’ enormous army for a while until they were able to reinforce with more men. Hence, it turns out that their tribal dance was not a superstitious ritual but a form of calisthenics by which they were building awe-inspiring physical strength and endurance.
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This story was adapted from one of the Ielts exams articles.
