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This is Sigiriya in Sri Lanka. On top of this rock, the King of Ceylon built his fortress in 477 AD because he was scared of revenge. After all, he had killed his father and stolen the throne from his brother.
These days, you can climb right up to the top with a series of staircases. Back in the day, they had to pull themselves up with ropes!
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-bjwGTDB1Dis/WSJdlnLdz5I/AAAAAAABXyU/E6aK3q38Y2Yu0Fp5lBHIOV6HnnYiqyyfACJoC/w1060-h706-n/8f16066a-6b86-4eb8-8915-94e59e444a9a