ER Stress Pathway Endoplasmic Reticulum

Hyperhomocysteinemia
(HHcy)

Unfolded Protein Response (UPR)

Proteotoxic Stress

Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)

Lysyl Oxidase

Lysine

Aminoadipate Pathway

Homocysteine Thiolactone

Atherosclerosis
Thrombocytopenia

Hageman factor
Factor XII

MTHFR
Methyl

Niacin
TMG
MSM

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoplasmic_reticulum_stress_in_beta_cells

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTOR

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysyl_oxidase

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homocysteine_thiolactone

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_XII

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombocytopenia

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Aminoadipate_pathway

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Lysine Catabolism Through the Saccharopine Pathway:

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7253579/

Lysine contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3.

saccharopine pathway (SACPATH) involves the conversion of lysine into α-aminoadipate.

lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase (LKR/SDH) and the enzyme α-aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (AASADH).

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Proteinogenic Amino Acid

Lysine
Lysyl Oxidase
Aminoadipate Pathway
Homocitric acid
Ketoglutaric Acid
Methylene Bridge
Diaminopimelic Acid
Pimelic Acid

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Aminoadipate_pathway

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homocitric_acid

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylene_bridge

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Ketoglutaric_acid

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaminopimelic_acid

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimelic_acid

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinogenic_amino_acid

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Trimethylamine N-Oxide
(TMAO)

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimethylamine_N-oxide