Trigonelline
Nicotinate
Methylnicotinate (NM)
Methyltransferase
One-Carbon Group
Transferase
Nicotinate (N)
Sulfate (S)
Methyltransferase
Adenosyl (Adenosine)
S-Adenosyl Methionine
N-Methyl Nicotinate (NM)
Eicosanoid
Prostaglandin
Nicotinamidase
Nicotinate Phosphoribosyltransferase
Magnesium Dependent
Pyridine Alkaloid
Fenugreek
Coffee Bean
Pumpkin Seed
Nikomet
Prostaglandin Pathway
Prostaglandin D2
Prostaglandin DP2 Receptor
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Methyl-nicotinate
NRF2, a Transcription Factor for Stress Response and Beyond
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7369905/
Niacin modulates depressive-like behavior in experimental colitis through GPR109A-dependent mechanisms
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0024320523006392
Recent Developments and Challenges in the Enzymatic Formation of Nitrogen–Nitrogen Bonds
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscatal.4c05268
compounds containing N–N bonds, mainly aromatic or nonaromatic heterocycles, because of their diverse range of antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial and anticancer activities.
Nucleotide Metabolism
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8247561/
There are two kinds of nitrogen-containing bases: purines and pyrimidines.
The chemistry of the vitamin B3 metabolome
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6411094/
Upon high NA intake, excess NA is converted to nicotinuric acid, in phase 2 metabolic process conjugated to glycine.
Trigonelline is N-methyl nicotinic acid, a catabolite found in tissues but less often measured and for which the physiological properties remain unexplored.
Trigonelline reverses high glucose-induced proliferation, fibrosis of mesangial cells via modulation of Wnt signaling pathway
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8827266/
Defining NAD(P)(H) Catabolism
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/13/3064
Trigonelline is an NAD+ precursor that improves muscle function during ageing and is reduced in human sarcopenia
https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-024-00997-x
Niacin Cures Systemic NAD+ Deficiency and Improves Muscle Performance in Adult-Onset Mitochondrial Myopathy
https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(20)30190-X
Trigonelline
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Trigonelline
Nicotine
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3-%281-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl%29pyridine
Trigonelline and related nicotinic acid metabolites
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11101-014-9375-z
Trigonelline prevents kidney stone formation processes by inhibiting calcium oxalate crystallization, growth and crystal-cell adhesion, and downregulating crystal receptors
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35367760/
Overview to Pyridine Nucleotides
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3523884/
The power to reduce: pyridine nucleotides – small molecules with a multitude of functions
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1798440/
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridinecarboxylic_acid
Methyltransferase
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyltransferase
Nicotinate N Methyltransferase
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotinate_N-methyltransferase
Acetylserotonin Methyltransferase (ASMT)
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylserotonin_O-methyltransferase
Xanthine
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthine
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When NAD+ picks up 2 hydrogen electrons it makes NADH. NADH has a special role generating ATP (energy) through the oxidation of food molecules.
NADH is a coenzyme involved in the manufacture of energy in the Krebs or citric acid cycle. NADH is an important electron carrier. Niacin (nicotinic acid) is converted to nicotinamide (niacinamide), which is converted in the body to NAD. When NAD+ picks up 2 hydrogen electrons it makes NADH.
..
Elucidation of the trigonelline degradation pathway reveals previously undescribed enzymes and metabolites
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1722368115
Enhanced accumulation of trigonelline by elicitation and osmotic stresses in fenugreek callus culture
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11240-021-02055-w
Risk Assessment of Trigonelline in Coffee and Coffee By-Products
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10146819/
Inhibition of Key Digestive Enzymes Related to Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia and Protection of Liver-Kidney Functions by Trigonelline in Diabetic Rats
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3617660/
Trigonelline, a naturally occurring alkaloidal agent protects ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation induced apoptotic cell death in human skin fibroblasts via attenuation of oxidative stress, restoration of cellular calcium homeostasis and prevention of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1011134419304476
Immunomodulatory effects and potential clinical applications of dimethyl sulfoxide
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0171298519303729
Amyloidosis has been treated with DMSO as it breaks down amyloid fibres into small subunits which are then excreted in the urine
A Novel N-Methyltransferase in Arabidopsis Appears to Feed a Conserved Pathway for Nicotinate Detoxification
https://academic.oup.com/plphys/article/174/3/1492/6117425?login=false
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nicotinate N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.7) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and nicotinate, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and N-methylnicotinate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases.
Stimulants
Toxicity
xanthine: caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.
Methylxanthines (methylated xanthines), which include caffeine, aminophylline, IBMX, paraxanthine, pentoxifylline, theobromine, theophylline, and 7-methylxanthine (heteroxanthine).
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Prostaglandin D2
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin_D2
Potential inhibitors of PGD2 synthase:
Acteoside
Amentoflavone
Ricinoleic acid
Rutin
Hinokiflavone
Vitamin K
Vitamin D3
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methyl-nicotinate and Prostaglandin-D2
methyl-nicotinate has been researched along with Prostaglandin-D2, and Schizophrenia
Eicosanoid
Arachidonic Acid
RE: Intercellular Homeostasis