Common Name(s): Cacao , cocoa . Materials derived from the cacao seeds (beans)
Uses
Cocoa solid, cocoa butter, and chocolate are all rich sources of antioxidants. 2 Epidemiological studies show an inverse association between the consumption of cocoa and the risk of cardiovascular disease. 3 , 4 The likely mechanisms are antioxidant activity; improvement in endothelial function, vascular function, and insulin sensitivity; as well as attenuation of platelet reactivity and reduction in blood pressure. 5 , 6
Dosing
No specific dosing recommendations can be made. Further studies characterizing the polyphenol content of cocoa products and method of measurement are needed. 1 , 7 In one study, an inverse relationship was demonstrated between cocoa intake and blood pressure, as well as a 15-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality; the median cocoa intake among users was 2.11 g/day. 3
Contraindications
None known.
Pregnancy/Lactation
Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in moderate amounts or in amounts used in foods. Avoid dosages greater than those found in food because safety and efficacy are unproven. Caffeine content should be restricted during pregnancy.
