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Inflammation of the lung with production of the alveolar exudates is known as Pneumonia. Two main types are recognized - Lobar and broncho Pneumonia. Lobar pneumonia is more serious in adult while bronch type is in children. In about 80% of cases bronchi pneumonia has the characteristics of affecting a child that is already down with other diseases like measles, whooping cough or gastro -enteritis. Children under the age of five are the most susceptible. The causative organisms are mainly streptococcus , staphylococcus or pneumococcus.
• Pneumonia can be diagnosed at the the bedside or on the consulting table . The use of stethoscope is of much need in diagnosis. The child looks clinically ill, initially there may be no physical signs in the chest. Temperature rise is of no diagnostic importance though it points towards the clinical state and to treatment. Expiratory grunt among children is a sign of pneumonia. The grunt is due to dysponea and it shows that respiration is laboured. Cough may be troublesome and the child keeps on swallowing sputum. Cyanosis is an indication of severity. During auscultation, interrupted cracking sounds may be heard at the end of patients inspiration.
SIGNS/SYMPTOMS : high fever, child is distressed, respiratory rate over 50 /min., Indrawing of intercoastal, flaring of nostrils etc . Take the chilld to the clinic immediately.
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