This vaulted lava fountain was photographed during the eruption of Mauna Ulu at the Kīlauea volcano, in Hawaii, in October 1969. The eruptions lasted until 1971.
According to the USGS at the time the photograph was taken, the fountain measured about 20 meters high, although at some time the vaulted fountain reached heights between 50 and 75 meters. The sources of lava can reach much higher heights (as much as 500 meters) but it is unusual for them to acquire this form of vault so symmetrical.
Vaulted lava fountains are formed when the rising magma pressure is "adequate" to lift the lava layer from the surface without crossing it. In the same way that squeezing the shampoo with the "correct" force soap bubbles are formed in the mouth of the container. According to Wikipedia, the phenomenon usually occurs with gas-dense relatively denser lavas.
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