Truly gigantic star may collapse into objects known as GEODE. These are similar to black holes but they don't have a singularity at their core. Instead, they have dark energy.
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An interesting twist seems to be taking place when it comes to black holes. A pair of physicists from the University of Hawaii tracked and then corrected a tiny mistake that was hiding in the application of Einstein’s gravity field equations onto the model of how the Universe should be expanding. And strange things started to happen.
Scientists usually think that a system of cosmic proportions (such as our Universe) is immune to details in small systems that it includes. But Kevin Croker and Joel Weiner recently showed that this doesn't necessarily have to be true for objects that are the remains of the final explosions of gigantic stars – black holes.
For about eighty years scientists worked with the fact that the Universe as a whole doesn't care what happens in such a small part of the universe’s space. But Croker and Weiner found that the equations of general relativity can connect the hearts of collapsed gigantic stars with the behavior of space as a whole.
They claim that the speed of the expanse of the Universe can be connected to the average amount of black holes in the Universe. And at the same time, black holes can be dependent on the Universes expansion. If such a relationship gets confirmed it would be a huge step-forward in cosmology and could lead to many predictions that we should be able to confirm by observing the Universe.
One of the results of the study is that the speed of the Universe’s expansion could be bringing us information about what happens with dying stars. Currently, we think that when gigantic stars end their short lives they collapse into black holes. But it isn't the only option. Back in 1966 a physicist from Russia – Erast Gliner – proposed an alternative. Generic Objects of Dark Energy (GEODE). GEODE would appear very similar to black holes but instead of a singularity, they would have dark energy at their cores.
Croker and Weiner calculated that if a number of the oldest stars of our Universe collapsed into GEODEs instead of black holes they could be responsible for the effects we currently think dark energy is responsible for. They are also convinced that GEODEs can explain the observations made by the gravitational observatory LIGO because the gravitational waves detected were much larger than expected. Croker and Weiner believe we observed the merger of two GEODEs.
Sources:
- https://www.universal-sci.com/headlines/2019/9/11/fascinating-new-study-postulates-that-black-holes-might-consist-of-dark-energy
- https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab32da
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