Fasting is a pillar of Islam, it is the third pillar of Islam which all Muslim must obey. It's a compulsory act that all Muslim must obey. Ramadan is the tenth month of the lunar calendar which Muslim faithful obey.
Who can fast during the month of Ramadan?
Muslims
Non Muslim should not fast during the month of Ramadan, because they will not be rewarded. Only Muslims that accept in the oneness of God will have his her fasting accepted. Both male and female.
Young and Adult
Young people that are mature and reach puberty are obligated to fast during the month of Ramadan. Although kids can be encouraged to fast too.
Sensible individuals
Mad and kids are not allowed to fast, they are excused by the Almighty due to their thinking faculty. Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w) said some people are exempted from fasting among which are kid till they attain maturity age, and mad man till they are sensible.
Who cannot fast?
Young kid
Senseless or mentally derailed person
Non-muslims
Ladies doing menstruation. They will pay back after the month of Ramadan.
Pregnant women will not fast if the fasting will affect the woman or the foetus. They will surely pay it back after the pregnancy period.
Sick people, people suffering from illness are exempted from fasting.
People that are of aged are exempted unless they believe they can.
Nursing mother are excused if it will affect her or her child. Although they will pay back after the breastfeeding period.
The reward for fasting.
There is no specific reward attached to fasting, unlike other worship act, Allah in his infinite Mercy will reward accordingly and it will be a bigger reward beyond human reasoning. There is a saying from the prophet that, who so ever fast in the month of Ramadan with the fear of Allah(obeying the do and don't) and hoping for reward all his sins will be forgiven.
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