Umar ibn al KhattabIslam Desk: Hazrat Omar (ra) was the second caliph of Islam and one of the main companions. After Abu Bakr's death, he took charge as the second caliph. Umar was an experienced lawyer of Islamic law. Due to favor of justice, he is given the title of al-Farooq (the difference between true falsehood). The title of Amirul Muminin was first used in his case. He was also mentioned as the first Umar in history. The next time Umayyad due to the name match
Khalifa Umar bin Abdul Aziz is addressed as the second Umrah. In the case of the Companions of the Companions, the location of Umar after Sunnis to Abu Bakr.
Governance as Caliph:
Primary challenge
After empowerment, all the Muslims gave him a call. Because of his personality, the crowds would have liked him. According to Muhammad Hussein Hayek, Umar's first challenge was to win the hearts of his subjects and Majlish al-Shurah.Umar was an avid person. This skill helped him to take the place of the people.
As a ruler, Umar worked for the welfare of the poor and the under privileged. He followed Abu Bakr's policy on Fidaq land and continued to use it as a state property.
In the Battle of Riddah, thousands of rebels and apostates were captured as slaves. Umar announced the general remission of these prisoners and ordered them to be released.
This announcement increased the popularity of Umar to the Bedouin tribes.
Political and civil administration
The government of Umar was operated in a centralized system. The Caliph was the highest political authority The whole empire was divided into several provinces. As well as Azerbaijan and Armenia, some autonomous areas in these areas have acknowledged the sovereignty of the Khilafah. The provinces were administered by the provincial governor or Wali. Umar himself used to appoint Walid
The provinces were divided into different districts. There were about 100 districts in the whole empire. Each district or major city was in charge of a subordinate governor or amil. Amilas were usually appointed by Umar, but the provincial governors could also recruit them. Other officers at the provincial level were:.
A. Kativ, the chief secretary
B. Katib udDiwan, military secretary
C. Sahib ul Kharaj, revenue collector
D Sahib ul Ahadas, the police chief
E. Sahib Baitul Mal, treasury officer
F. Qazi, the chief judge
In order to investigate the allegations against state officials, Umar formed the first special division. This department served as the administrative court and Umar personally supervised the legal proceedings. This division was entrusted with the responsibility of Muhammad bin Maslama. In the case of important charges, he helped Umar to investigate, investigate and take action. In some cases, investigations with the inquiry committee were discussed. On the other hand, the accused officer is summoned in Madinah
The court was faced with. Umar, with the help of his intelligence department, brought the officers under the accountability
In some cases, Umar played the role of guide:
A. Umar launched the first public ministry system where records of government officials and soldiers would have been recorded. A copy of the letter sent to the governors and heads of state was kept as a record.
B. He appointed the first police force to maintain law and order.
C. When the people created chaotic situation, they first brought their discipline.
Canal:
After the establishment of the town of Basra during the reign of Umar, he arranged for canal for drinking water and irrigation. According to al-Tabari, Utbah bin Gazwan excavated the first canal from the Tigris river to Basra while the city was under planning .(Again in the next phase)
