MIRACLE OF BEES

Honeybees are composed of several different physical species and "intermediate places": there are Apis dorsata or forest bees, with areas spreading around Asian sub-tropical and tropical regions such as Indonesia (from Sumatera to Papua Island), the Filipinos and the surrounding areas. In addition, Apis laboriosa that can be found in the Himalayas.

Honey bee cultivation that is now popular comes from the Mediterranean region (North Africa, southern Europe, and Asia Minor) which continues to spread throughout the world. Ancient Egyptians made a funnel from clay as a beehive, then from a wicker basket. In Africa honeybees are kept in cylindrical wooden blocks and nests are hung on trees. The Russian as a honeybee developer in modern even referred to as the honey field. Russia began to develop honey farms since the 10^th century until now on a large scale. Those who found the honeycomb be movable, the technique was introduced by Peter Prokovich (1775-1850).

Bee colonies have polymorphisms, whose members have different anatomical, physiological and biological functions. The number of queens per colony is only one and several queens while the number of workers thousands. Each member of the colony has a very different anatomical, physiological, and biological function. In addition, there are females who will become queen (queen) and male (drone), there is also a group of worker bees (worker bees), which is actually a female but reproductive organs are not fully developed. The "printing" of the sex itself has been realized long ago, even from the early phase of the egg. After mating, the queen bee will surround the nest to search for empty cells. To remove an egg, it takes 0.5 minutes. After removing 30 grains, the queen will break 6 seconds to eat-placed by the cell. Eggs of prospective worker bees stored in small cell sections, a flat cover, and the most numerous. While more male-male eggs are placed in cells of slightly larger size, with prominent lids and a black dot in the middle. There is also a queen egg placed in the largest cell, irregular and usually located at the edge of the nest.

Bees are social insecticides that always live mutual cooperation and interdependence. The division of duties and organization is very organized, orderly, and discipline of self-awareness to achieve achievement as optimal as possible so that the survival and ability to form a colony is very strong. Besides there are individual tasks, there are also other tasks that are jointly developed, ie keeping the nest from enemy attacks.

The size of the queen bee's body is twice the length of the worker bee and the male bee. The mandatory task is to spawn constantly until the spawn ability ends. The queen of bees is able to lay as many as 1,000 - 2000 eggs per day. Age can reach 3-5 years. In a colony of honeybees, there is only a queen of bees.

The male bees do not work, the male bees are in charge of marrying a queen or queen bee (virgin queen) with a life span of about three months. His eyes and wings are larger than worker bees. The blackish color with a rather loud buzzing sound. Her legs are not polluted with pollen to store pollen, and not intermittent honey pipe on the lips, no wax glands, no stinging tails and calm. The main duty of the male bee is to keep the nest and clean the nest of dirt. Sometimes fly for a moment when the weather is sunny. To eat, the male bees are commonly fed by worker bees. Unfortunately, when the famine season arrives, some male bees are destroyed and expelled by worker bees from the nest.

Workers bees are the largest group of about 20,000 - 90,000 in one colony. The main duties of worker bees are; collect nectar, flax, and water from a variety of plant flowers rich in protein, vitamins, and carbohydrates; - caring for queens, bees and larvae; - build nest cells; - keep the nest from his enemies; - clean the nest, store the honey in the cell and repair damaged nest cells. Worker bees have a mainstay weapon in the form of a thorn sting. The Sting resembles the shape of a hook equipped with a pouch of toxins. Once the stinger is used to attack the opponent, the worker bee will die. Worker bee age about 35 - 42 days.

Almost all flowering plants are fields for bees. From there this animal takes nectar, pollen, and water. Nectar is a complex compound produced by plant rectifier glands in the form of solutions with varying sugar concentrations ranging from 5% to 70% or more. One honeybee colony requires about 50 kg of pollen per year. About half of the pollen is used for larval food. As for the elements produced, in addition to honey, which is believed to be a food and an obar for so many diseases, there are also royal helly, bee pollen, glue or propolis, beeswax or night (besswax), as well as bee venom or apitoxin).

The feed seeker is the "most senior" worker bee at the same time, with a flying speed of 65 km per hour, can travel 46 km nonstop. When carrying nectar, its speed stays 30 km per hour with wing vibration speed as much as 250 times per second. To put 1 kg of honey, a bee must travel 90,000-180,000 times and visit many flowers before returning to the nest. This means that if every trip takes 3km to go, a bee travels 3 times (90,000 - 180,000) km to complete the task.

In addition through the pheromones - chemical compounds produced from the queen hipofarink gland that serves to regulate the activities of worker bees, the bees are mainly done bees workers are able to communicate through dance.

When a bee has found the source of the flower, the next task of the guide bee is to return to the nest and tell the other bees about the location where it found the flower arrangement. As soon as the guide bee returns to its nest, it begins to tell the location of the source of interest that he finds to other bees. First, he let the other bees taste a little of the nectar he collects from the flower to tell them about the quality of the nectar. Then he began his main task, namely to explain the direction to the source of interest. He does this in a very unique way, with dance. The guide bee begins to dance in the middle of the nest by shaking his body. It's hard to believe, but the movements in this dance give other bees the information about the location of the flower source. For example, if the dance is a straight line toward the top of the hive, then the source of the right food leads to the sun. If the interest is in the opposite direction, the bees will make a line in that direction. If the bees dance to the right, then this indicates that the source of the flower is exactly ninety degrees to the right.

But there is one question, the bees explain the direction based on the position of the sun, whereas the position of the sun is constantly changing. Every four minutes the sun shifts one degree to the west, a factor that might be regarded as a bee's ignored in this direction determination. But, observations show that these bees also take into account the movement of the sun. When the guide's bee tells the direction of the location of the flower, in every four minutes, the angle they tell also increases one degree to the west. Thanks to this incredible calculation, the bees never get lost.

Bees build their nests in the form of hexagonal cells. Besides being the most effective form of "warehouse" for storing honey, it must be recognized that this form can trap many oxygen bees and other elements they need compared to other geometric shapes, such as circles or rectangles. Construction of the nest itself begins from different angles until finally meet exactly in the middle.

Bees except that the male is equipped with a weapon in the form of a thorn sting, with poison in it. For the hypersensitive, any sting can cause a serious reaction. Although for the non-hypersensitive, will not cause any impact. Lucky bees rarely use it to interfere. For him, the weapon serves as a tool for self-defense when harassed.