Mitral stenosis is a narrowing of the so-called mitral valve of the heart. This defect causes the mitral valve to not open properly, which blocks blood flow to the left ventricle (the heart's main pumping chamber). On other occasions the valve does not close properly and mitral insufficiency occurs.
The main cause of mitral stenosis is an infection called rheumatic fever. This fever is related to streptococcal infections and can cause scarring of the mitral valve, and if left untreated can lead to serious cardiac complications.
The diagnosis of mitral stenosis is suspected based on physical examination findings.
Mitral stenosis causes an abnormal heart sound, known as a heart murmur.
The cardiologist will also listen to the lungs to check for fluid accumulation in the lungs, which may be a manifestation. The diagnosis and severity will be confirmed with cardiology studies:
Sound waves are directed at the heart from a wand-like device (transducer) that rests on the chest to provide video images of the heart's motion.
With a transducer attached to the end of a tube inserted into the esophagus, it allows the mitral valve to be viewed more closely than with a regular echocardiogram.
The electrocardiogram measures the electrical impulses emitted by the heart and provides information about the heart rhythm. During the electrocardiogram, you may walk on a treadmill or pedal a stationary bike to see how your heart responds to stress.
A chest x-ray can determine if any chambers of the heart are enlarged and how the lungs are positioned.
Treatment for mitral stenosis depends on the patient's symptoms and severity. Some of the treatments for mitral stenosis are:
There are no medications that can correct a mitral valve defect. However, some medications can reduce symptoms.
Your cardiologist may prescribe one or more of the following medications:
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