上次说到上次从我们人类到底从太阳那里获得了什么？虽然说万物生长靠太阳，既然说万物生长靠太阳，一般人简化的理解就是从太阳那里获得的能量，将太阳能转化成呢我们能够利用的能量或者用来或者像植物啊用来生长自己。不过用来是有物解的，在人类生存的这一尺度上，能量守恒定律是绝对有效的，它不会创生也不会消灭，所以并没有太阳能量，太阳的能量被我们用掉这一说法，而且太阳照射到地球上的能量和我们地球散散到太空去能量基本上是相等的。如果不是这样的话，我们地球的温度会不停的升高。尽管环保主义者和气候变化的支持者认为地球确实在不停的升温，但这一程度其实是非常小的。我们人类真正做的其实是使用了太阳来的低熵，将太阳能量中的低熵的能量转化成了高熵的能量。你方法规就是说是金这样说，可能还是很难理解。我们用洗澡擦身体来做到比喻。当毛巾的湿度达到一定的程度的时候，它就不能把身体擦的更干燥，可以把低伤认为是可以利用的能量。而高伤，这是无法利用的能量。一般人会说熵代表的是混乱的状态，这在逻辑上说得通，但是用这个定义无法进行有效的判断，更好的理解应该是高熵代表着能量分布的更平均嗯进成了一个技术。而热力学第二定律封闭系统熵的值会一直增大。其实是在说能量由集中向均匀扩散的过程，一旦达到均匀，也就是熵最大的状态了。就像你身上的水，有一部分跑到毛巾上面，把毛巾打湿，毛巾就不能再吸收更多的水了，两者达到了均衡状态。而熵增原理也就是热力学。第二，定律则被视维物理学的基本定律可以说是最基本的定律。任何情条件下都是成立的，而像能量守恒动量守恒之类的守恒定律，只与某些物理量的对称关系有关。在广义相对论中，能量守恒是可以被打破的。在微观世界的量子力学当中，根据测不准，根据不确定性原理，粒子也可以从真空中借取借用能量，从无到有中产生，但是熵增原理却是不能被打破的。说到这里，就要说一说生命这个复杂，而一度曾经很神秘的话题，生命的存在一度让人们很困惑，因为它与无生命的物质差别实在是太大了，以至于人们想出了很多虚构的概念，认为生命体中存在着生命力或者某种神奇的元素，但且普遍认为生命体的出现和神的创造有关。但是随着后来化学遗传学的发展，人们对生物有了深刻的理解，变得不再神秘。生物生命体和非生命体之间的界限也变得模糊了。嗯，但是对生命体下了一个准确定义的，哎，得是量子科学的大神薛定谔。薛定谔虽然写出了量子力学的基础。薛定谔方程，但是对于方程的波动方程的理解和主流的量子力学学派标本发根学派发生了根本的冲突。他是爱因斯坦的坚定支持者，从不认为量子微观世界的本质就是随机和概率性的。而此，在量子力学之后的发展中，他也在没有起到更大的作用。不过他写了一本著名的小书，叫生命是什么？在其中，他一针见血的指出，生命就是以负伤为实的生命的根本特点就是以负熵为实。从环境中摄取负伤，以维持自身的结构功能看，这里生命的本质也和熵被联系了起来，也和开头我们的问题对应了起来。我们从太阳那里利用的就是太阳的递伤，而不是简单的能量，而不在单纯意义上的能量感受也有。现在也有一个很流行的说，根据这一说法，现在有一个很流行的提法，显得特别的奋斗和中二就是说生命的本质就是抵抗桑双增，那是不是说明生命就是在违反热力学第二定律呢？不过显然不是的。刚才也说过，熵增定律是最基本的，物理定律是不可能被打不过的。不过它的前提是一个封闭的系统。而以我们人类为例，我们实际上是在不停的和外界交换着能量，通过进食和各种方式。如果把我们整个人类整个地球，如果将人类和外部环境整体来看，熵仍然是增加的，也许用人来解释稍微复杂了一点。因为我们生活中常见的空调，空调在炎热的天气中，将房间内的热量搬到了比它温度更高的室外，让世界的温度下降，这也是一个熵在对房间内来说，这也是一个熵在减少的过程。但是空调在搬运热量的同时，自身也在做工发热。如果把室内和室外环境作为一个整体来看的话，打开空调给室内降温的同时会这个整体系统增加额外的冷热量，就是空调运作时散发的热量。所以他们总的熵仍然是上升的，甚至可以说开空调的系统和不开空调的系统，它熵增的速度还要更快。那么这里就产生了一个细思极恐的问题，生命的目的到底是什么？根据上面的解释，那据生命体本身在对抗熵增，但是如果将整个宇宙作为整体的话，生命的存在实际上是加速了熵增的过程。而如果说热力学第二定律是宇宙最根本的定律。那么也可以这样说，宇宙的目的就是增加自身的熵，而生命就是加快这个过程。
Last time, what did we humans get from the sun? Although it is said that everything grows by the sun, since it is said that everything grows by the sun, the general understanding is that the energy obtained from the sun, converting the solar energy into energy that we can use either for or, like plants, to grow themselves. At this scale of human existence, the law of conservation of energy is absolutely effective, it will not be created or destroyed, so there is no solar energy, the sun's energy is used by us, and the energy of the sun to the earth and our earth scattered into space to the energy is basically equal. If not, the temperature of our planet would continue to rise. Although environmentalists and climate change advocates argue that the Earth is indeed warming, the amount is actually very small. What we humans are really doing is actually using the low entropy from the sun, converting the low entropy energy in the solar energy into high entropy energy. Your regulations say that Kim said this, it may still be difficult to understand. We use the metaphor of bathing and wiping the body. When the humidity of the towel reaches a certain degree, it can not wipe the body more dry, and the low injury can be considered as energy that can be used. And high damage, it's energy that can't be harnessed. Most people will say that entropy represents a state of chaos, which makes logical sense, but this definition cannot be used to make valid judgments, and it is better to understand that higher entropy represents a more even distribution of energy. And the second law of thermodynamics keeps increasing the entropy of a closed system. In fact, we are talking about the process of energy from concentration to uniform diffusion, and once it reaches uniformity, it is the state of maximum entropy. Just like the water on your body, some of it goes to the towel, and when you wet the towel, the towel can't absorb any more water, and the two reach an equilibrium state. And the principle of increasing entropy is thermodynamics. Second, the laws are viewed as the fundamental laws of physics are arguably the most fundamental laws. This is true under all conditions, and conservation laws, such as conservation of energy and conservation of momentum, are only related to the symmetry of certain physical quantities. In general relativity, the conservation of energy can be broken. In the microscopic world of quantum mechanics, according to uncertainty, according to the uncertainty principle, particles can also borrow energy from the vacuum, from nothing to create, but the principle of entropy increase can not be broken. Here, we have to talk about the complex and once very mysterious topic of life, the existence of life once confused people, because it is so different from inanimate matter, that people came up with a lot of fictional concepts, that there is a life force or some magical element in the living body, but it is generally believed that the emergence of living body and God's creation. But with the subsequent development of chemical genetics, people have a deep understanding of biology, and become no longer mysterious. The line between living and non-living is also becoming blurred. Well, it was Schrodinger, the great god of quantum science, who came up with a precise definition of life. Schrodinger wrote the foundations of quantum mechanics. However, the understanding of the wave equation of the equation has a fundamental conflict with the mainstream quantum mechanics school. He was a staunch supporter of Einstein and never believed that the nature of the quantum microcosm was random and probabilistic. In this way, he did not play a greater role in the subsequent development of quantum mechanics. But he wrote a famous little book called What Is Life? In it, he pointedly pointed out that life is wounded as the reality and the fundamental feature of life is negative entropy as the reality. Taking wounds from the environment in order to maintain its own structural function, the nature of life here is also linked to entropy, which corresponds to the question we asked at the beginning. What we use from the Sun is the transmission of the sun, not the simple energy, and not the simple sense of energy perception. Now there's also a very popular argument, according to this argument, there's a very popular argument, it's a particular struggle and middle two that says that the essence of life is resistance, does that mean that life is violating the second law of thermodynamics? But obviously not. As we have just said, the law of entropy increase is fundamental, and the laws of physics cannot be defeated. But it presupposes a closed system. We humans, for example, are actually constantly exchanging energy with the outside world, through eating and in various ways. If you look at us as a whole, the whole planet, if you look at us and the environment as a whole, entropy is still increasing, maybe it's a little bit more complicated to explain with people. Because of the common air conditioning in our lives, air conditioning in hot weather, the heat in the room is moved to the outside where the temperature is higher than it, so that the temperature of the world drops, which is also a process of entropy in the room, which is also a process of entropy reduction. But the air conditioner is carrying heat at the same time, it is also working heat. If you look at the indoor and outdoor environment as a whole, turning on the air conditioner to cool the room will add extra cold heat to the overall system, which is the heat emitted by the air conditioning operation. So their total entropy is still going up, and you can even say that the system with the air conditioning on and the system without the air conditioning on, its entropy is going up even faster. So here comes the dreaded question, what is the purpose of life? According to the above explanation, life itself is fighting against entropy, but if the universe as a whole is taken as a whole, the existence of life is actually accelerating the entropy process. And if the second law of thermodynamics is the fundamental law of the universe. It can also be said that the purpose of the universe is to increase its entropy, and life is to speed up this process.
