Apologies for jumping into the convo. I was just planning on skimming through and you both make lots of good points. Hope you don't mind if I add a few.

Handouts are like a bad word, but it depends on what the hand out is. I am not a fan of cash handouts, but I believe that basic healthcare and education should be free. Medicare in Australia is broken, but it's still sort of a safety net. Education should never be an option, I had to use the word "right" here, but I feel it should be.

Regarding corporation taxation, this is very complicated as by nature, their driving force is to make money for their shareholders/stakeholders. And unlike humans, they are not rooted by emotion and can choose to operate in lower tax environments that want those companies there as they provide employment. So governments normally take the easy way out and tax the citizens instead of the companies.