Women who smoke have been observed to reach MENOPAUSE early than non-smokers.
That is their reproductive life span is shortened. Women are said to reach MENOPAUSE at their late 40s, so active smokers could reach their MENOPAUSE even before they get to their 40s due to their shorten reproductive life span.
Recent research, have suggested that oxidative stress play a crucial role in the PATHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL process involved in fertility reduction, that concern both gametes. There is a strong evidence that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in tobacco could trigger the cell to die prematurely which leads to early MENOPAUSE.
Many effect of tobacco on infertility maybe related to the oxidative impact.
Exposure to tobacco can also play a role in altering the structural component of the eggs in women, leading to inborn errors in the babies.
In females, smoking affect the ovaries adversely, the extent of this damage, depends on the quantity of cigarettes that is being consumed on daily basis and also the lenght of time òf which she spend smoking.
Nicotine is present in tobacco, and this lead to oxidative stress to the gametes. Nicotine substance in cigarettes interfere with the body ability to creat OESTROGEN(a hormone in the female body that regulate follicular growth and ovulation). Nicotine, also is responsible for reduced sperm motility and their fertilization potentials.
In females, smoking interferes with egg formation, to the growth of the embryo In the UTERUS. Some damage is irreversible but quitting smoking will surely prevent further damage.
In males smokers, oxidative stress occur in the seminal fluid. The incidence of impotence is approximately 85% higher in male smokers. Smoking is a primary cause of erectile dysfunction. Fathers who smokes heavy at the time of conception, increases the child risk of having LEUKAEMIA(cancer of the blood system) at a tender age and also shorten the reproductive life span of their daughters.
Couples of reproductive age should be advised to stop smoking.
Female infertility can also be caused when a pregnant mother is exposed to second hand smoking of tobacco while undergoing IVF can have adverse pregnancy outcome.
●Government should legalize againt public smoking and smoking at our working place.
●indoor tobacco smoking and smoking in the car should be strictly discouraged
●the Government should also mandate tobacco companies to inform the public of the harmful effect of tobacco smoking.
Couples planning for conception should quit smoking and go to a good health care center for a good detoxification therapy.
THANKS.
