Diseases transmitted by water

Dear steemit community, in this opportunity we continue with the theme of drinking water that we have been dealing with since previous publication on filtration for water safety, it is now up to address the Diseases transmitted by water, which are mostly caused by the consumption of water contaminated with human, animal or chemical waste; Among the most common are cholera, typhoid fever, dysentery, among others. Fuente The places lacking proper sanitation facilities, favor the rapid spread of these diseases, because the feces exposed to open sky, contain infectious microorganisms that contaminate the water resource.

[ Credit image: pixabay]

In this way, it is clear that the conditions that spread through water are known as waterborne diseases. Its pathogens are biological, rather than chemical; the disorders they cause are almost always contagious. In general, the harmful individuals belong to the group of microorganisms, which are transmitted in excreted feces by infected individuals or by certain animals. This is how a chain of pathological cause is structured, which facilitates the contagion either by ingesting them in the form of water or through contaminated food.

In any case, the existence of microbiologically unsafe water constitutes a serious public health problem in Latin America and the Caribbean, because we only refer to it, in regional terms; However, the incidence of diseases due to microbial contamination can be reduced if microbiologically safe water is provided and personal and domestic hygiene is improved; all of the above, coupled with strong community participation. In this order of ideas, it is necessary to address the problem of waterborne diseases, not only from the clinical point of view (medicines, vaccines, etc.); but also, from a preventive perspective, organizing orientation programs and solutions to the problems of water service and basic sanitation in polluting sources. To have a better understanding of the existing problem, let's see the following information taken from the World Health Organization.

Main Diseases Transmitted by Water

Disease	Causa y vía de transmisión	Cause and transmission route	No. of cases	Deaths by year
Amoebic dysentery	The protozoa pass through the fecal-oral route, through water and infected foods; also by body contact.	All the world	500 million per year	**
Bacillary dysentery	The bacteria are transmitted the ways described above.	All the world	*	**
Diseases, Diarrheic (includes the previous two)	Various bacteria, viruses and protozoa, are passed through the routes described in the first row.	All the world	4,000 thousand millions per year	3-4 millions
Anger	Bacteria go through the route described in the first row.	Sudamérica, África, Asia	384.000 by year	20.000
HepatitisA	The virus goes through the path described in the first row.	All the world	600.000 to 3 million	2.400 to 12.000
Paratyphoid typhoid fevery	Bacteria go through the route described in the first row.	80% in Asia, 20% in America Latina, Africa	16 million	600.000

Legend:

*Including diarrheal diseases
** There are no deaths, but it causes 270,000 reported cases of blindness annually.

As will be observed, millions of people have been and continue to be affected by waterborne diseases, motivated by the inadequate network of sanitary services for waste disposal and clean water for daily consumption. This sample has been visited, to emphasize that in places devoid of basic basic services, pathogens can spread very rapidly; this is due to the fact that fecal coliforms carrying infectious organisms (bacteria, viruses, protozoa or algae) are carried by runoff to superficial bodies or leached to springs and aquifers, where sources of supply are contaminated.

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Diseases transmitted by water | Ecency