Confucius was a great thinker and educator in the history of China, especially after Confucianism was ruled by feudal society, he was always regarded as "sage" and "vegetarian king". As the old saying goes: heaven does not give birth to Niu, everlasting as long as night. However, the history of Confucius is a mystery of history, which has always been said to be quite a lot: some said that he was born in the butcher's house, some said that his father was a small official of the state of Lu, and some said that he was born in the family of the butcher's family. Some say he has no father at all. He was born when his mother stepped on the giant's footprints on an outing. In short, as Confucius changed from a common man to a saint, his life gradually became noble.
However, at present, the more orthodox view is that Confucius is "born by the combination of the wild". The History of Confucius, recorded: "Shulianghe and Yan Nunye combined to give birth to Confucius." Shulianghe is the father of Confucius (Shuliang is the word, he is the name), "Yehe" refers to the relationship between men and women, that is, "wild confluence" meaning. Confucius famous Hill, the word Zhong Ni. "the history of Confucius family" record: "(Confucius) born and first on the top of the fair, so called Qiu Yun." "Wei" is a depression; "hill" is a hill, a pile of earth, a raised place. The word "Wei" means the opposite. Niqiu is the joint land of Yan and Shulianghe. Yan asked the son to go to Neqiu pray, the birth of the son also named Niu, Qiu. This seems to support the theory of "wild intercourse". But since Confucius' parents are husband and wife, then they must have their own home. Why should they go to the wilderness of Nechua Mountain to "Yehe"? there are a lot of theories about this question.
According to Confucius Family language, Shulianghe was a famous warrior of the State of Lu at that time. Shulianghe married Shi of the State of Lu and gave birth to nine daughters, but no son. In a society where men are inferior to women, there is discrimination without sons. So Shulianghe took a concubine and gave birth to a son named Meng Pi. But Mencius had a son, Bernie, and Memphis, who was crippled in his legs and had a concubine. Meng Pei foot is defective, Shulianghe is very dissatisfied, so he married Yan Zheng in. At that time Shulianghe 66 years old, Yan Zheng in less than 20 years old. But old men and young wives, in the Spring and Autumn period, were unceremonious marriages. Because the father of Confucius, Shulianghe, was old and his mother Yan Zheng was young, the two were unceremonious. Sima Zhen's Book of History says: "this man of cloud and field is called Liang he old and young, not the ceremony of the initial hairpin of the Zhuang room, so the cloud is unceremonious." There is no way, although they are husband and wife, can only go to "wild sex."
Zhang Shoujie, "Justice in the Records of the historian," explains the "wild harmony" theory of "Shi Ji": "Men have teeth in August, they destroy teeth at the age of eight, Yang Daotong is 286, and 884 Yang Dao is absolute." Female July teeth, seven-year-old teeth destroyed, two seventy-four vagina, seven-forty-nine vagina. All who have been married are wild and United. When Yan Zheng married Shulianghe, Shulianghe was over 64 years old, and Yan Zheng was still young, because he was not equal in age, so he was called "Yehe". In ancient times, Wild Healing was not so derisive, but a auspicious, beautiful and sacred symbol. So in tombs, rock paintings, paintings and carvings, there are often "fields". " The wind of wild harmony followed for a long time. "this spring Congress, washing music on water, drinking dinner, and then marriage" was published in the later Han Shu Xianbei Zhuan (Biography of Xianbei). A match here is sexual intercourse.
From the perspective of the marriage system, modern scholars believe that the times in which Confucius was married were prevalent and that men were in the position of masters of their own affairs. Therefore, whenever there was a full moon in bloom, many men and women would gather in a certain place to sing and dance. Zuo Zhuan Dinggong 10 years records that Qi Lu was wishing his party, Qi Hou banquet Lu Gong, Confucius said to Liang Qiu said: "sacrifice elephant do not go out, Jiale not wild." " Here the "wild match", is in the wild feast, the meaning of playing music. At that time, "wild intercourse" was not a sneaky thing to be known to others, but an open matter. As for the carnival place, "Mozi Ming Ghost" records: "Yan of the ancestor (Tong" Ju "), when the society of the State, Song, Chu has a dream, this man and woman belong and view also." Juze, Sanglin, Yunmeng, is a good place for people at that time.
It was only in the Qin Dynasty that the custom was banned. Qin Shihuang's 28 years of Zen Tai Shan specially carved stone for the precepts: "noble and humble clear, men and women straightened out, careful compliance with duties." 37 years, again in the petrified stone warning: "married to have a son, twice died unfaithful." Prevent the inside and outside, prohibit lewdness, men and women are honest. Husband to send, kill the innocent, male justice Cheng. Wife to escape to marry, son can not mother, brackish clean. " The laws and decrees of Qin Dynasty played an important role in the marriage system of later generations.
There is also a view that Confucius's "wild union and birth" is the result of rape. "the term" Yehe "can only mean that this young girl was raped in the wild by the old slave owner Shulianghe, forcing her to become pregnant and giving birth to Confucius." Tsai Shang-shih is a staunch commentator on this view. He believes that there are two bases for this view. One is that the mother Yan Zheng of Kong in the Records of the History is the place of the grave of Confucius's father who was very taboo. He never told Confucius who his son was before his death. That is why Confucius did not know where his father, Shulianghe, was buried. And why did Confucius' mother do this? This is because of the "wild match" thing. Zheng Xuan Zengyun, an Eastern Han Classist, "Father of Confucius Chou Shuliang he, and Yan's daughter in the wild and born Confucius. You are ashamed, but you don't complain. " Second, the Analects of Confucius records, Confucius claimed that "I also cheap, so many despicable things." This shows that Confucius' mother was born from a poor background, and that Confucius, born with Shulianghe "Yehe", could not have been recognized by the Confucius family. Otherwise, as the son of a doctor, Confucius could not have lived in poverty when he was a teenager.
After the meaning of "match" said: "after also said that men and women fornication is wild." If wild sex is a rape, and Yan is ashamed, it is hard to imagine going to Neqiu to pray for a son. Moreover, Yan is ashamed of "Yehe", which is actually based on people's ideas after the Han Dynasty. Because the Spring and Autumn period retained a lot of primitive customs of marriage, "Yehe" was not ashamed at that time. As for the "forbidden tomb", it is not difficult to understand. "Fangshan is in the eastern part of Shandong, so Confucius suspected his father's tomb, but his mother was afraid of it." Soon after Confucius was born, Shulianghe died and was buried in Fangshan. Fangshan About 25 miles east of Qufu, this was a long distance in ancient times, so when young Confucius asked his father where his father was buried, Yan probably told him generally about the mountains in the east of the city. The so-called "taboo" refers to a vague answer to Confucius' questions, not to conceal the facts.
As for Zheng Xuan's argument, probably according to Si Maqian's words with intention, added "sign in shame, do not sue" this sentence. In this way, the meaning of "wild sex" may be close to the meaning of rape. However, Confucius's birthday (August 27) has been inferred that the mother of Confucius conceived in winter, when the wild cold, there will never be wild, let alone rape. Although winter rapes are not uncommon, the real reason is simple: if she had been raped, she would have hoped that she would not be pregnant. Why would she go to Nishan to pray for her son?
Perhaps the real explanation for Yuehe is their fornication. During the Spring and Autumn and warring States period, the relationship between the sexes and the concept of chastity of women were very different from those of later generations, especially after the Song Dynasty. Although Confucius advocated that "men and women should not be painted" and Mencius advocated that "men and women should not receive relatives", this concept was not generally accepted by the society at that time. From the Book of songs we can see a large number of examples of men and women in free association. In addition, the "Zhou Li Di official medium" more specific provisions: "Mid-Spring Moon, will order men and women." Then the time also, the runner can not help. " It can be seen that at that time, from custom to system, from From palace to folk, the relationship between men and women is quite open. Confucius claimed that "I am cheap as well, so I can be contemptible." this is because Confucius's ancestors were aristocrats, but not because he was born out of wedlock when he came to his father. Ancient widows are very high compared with those after the Song Dynasty. According to the Book of the late Han Dynasty, the elder sister Princess Huyang of Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, had said to Liu Xiu, "the Song Dynasty is the Lord of Weirongde," the elder sister of Liu Xiu, Princess Huyang, was not long after her husband died. Group minister Mo he, asked to remarry Song Hong. Liu Xiu invited Song Hong to discuss and let Princess Huyang sit behind the screen to listen. Therefore, we modern people have no reason to accuse Confucius of illegitimate by pedigree theory.
In a word, the life of Confucius is complicated, this special life and early rough experience, should be said to have a subtle impact on Confucius' career and ideological development. Although there are differences of opinion, most people believe that Confucius was born together. As for why Confucius's parents should be wild, there are different comments.
