Cryptography Overview
“I'm more interested in the future than in the past, because the future is where I intend to live.” --Albert Einstein
What is Cryptography?
- The Science and Study of Hiding information.
-Hiding information by converting plaintext into ciphertext(E)
-The back from ciphertext to plaintext(D).
Benefits of Cryptography
- Confidentiality
- Protecting data in transit.
-Protecting data in rest. - Non-repudiation & authentication
- A message encrypted with your private key or signed with your digital signature had to come from you - Access Control
*- With symmetric encryption only the secret key holder can decrypt the ciphertext.
-With a symmetric encryption a digital certificate can be used to authentication and thus access control. - Integraty
- Message digest can be used to know if a message was tampered with during transit.
How Cryptography Works
- A cipher & a key(s)
-An algorithm encrypts data by applying a key to plaintext.
-Another algorithm decrypts data by applying key to ciphertext. - Different ciphers|algorithms are stronger than others.
- Longer keys make stronger encryption
- 40-bit key is not secure.
Classic Ciphers
- Substitution Cipher
- Transposition Cipher
Substitution Cipher Example
- Caesar Substitution Cipher
Transposition Cipher Example
- Reversing Transportation Cipher
- Scytale Transposition Cipher
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