Apparently, there's going to be a total solar eclipse in Europe on August 12, 2026.
Somehow, I had completely missed that.
I only discovered it while reading NASA's skywatching guide for August. The path of totality will cross Greenland, Iceland, Spain and a tiny part of Portugal, while much of Europe will see a partial eclipse.
And only about two weeks later, on August 28, a partial lunar eclipse follows.
That already sounded interesting.
But while reading about it, a very simple question came to mind:
Why does the Moon fit in front of the Sun so perfectly?
The answer sounds almost too convenient.
The Sun is roughly 400 times wider than the Moon — but it is also roughly 400 times farther away. From Earth, they therefore appear almost the same size.
NASA actually describes this as a kind of cosmic coincidence.
But this isn't permanent.
The Moon is currently moving away from Earth by about 3.8 centimeters per year.
That's roughly the speed at which fingernails grow.
During a human lifetime, that's only a few meters. On astronomical timescales, however, those centimeters add up.
NASA estimates that in more than 600 million years, the Moon will appear too small to completely cover the Sun. Total solar eclipses like the one happening this August won't exist forever.
I found that surprisingly fascinating.
We happen to live during a period in Earth's history when the apparent sizes of the Sun and Moon match remarkably well.
And that immediately gave me another question:
If the Moon is moving away, how close was it in the past?
This was probably the biggest surprise for me during the whole research.
Today the Moon is about 384,000 kilometers from Earth on average.
According to NASA, around four billion years ago it was roughly three times closer — about 129,000 kilometers away.
For comparison, today you could fit roughly 30 Earths across the average distance between Earth and Moon.
Trying to imagine the Moon that much closer made me wonder what the young Earth must have been like.
And then the next question was almost unavoidable:
What did a much closer Moon do to Earth?
A closer Moon means a much stronger tidal influence.
I initially wondered whether that meant gigantic ancient tides, but there isn't one simple number for their height. Tides also depend on oceans, coastlines and geography, and the young Earth looked very different from today's planet.
But the connection goes deeper than tides.
The interaction between Earth and Moon gradually slows Earth's rotation while the Moon moves farther away.
The young Earth rotated much faster than today. NASA discusses models in which a day on the early Earth lasted only around five hours.
That was another thing I had never really thought about:
Our 24-hour day isn't simply something Earth has always had.
Earth and the Moon have been changing each other for billions of years.
At that point another question came to mind:
Could the very different tidal environment of the early Earth somehow have mattered for the origin of life?
Research into the origin of life includes hypotheses in which repeated wet-dry cycles may have helped create conditions useful for prebiotic chemistry.
But this is where I had to be careful not to turn an interesting connection into a fact.
We don't know exactly where or how life first emerged, and this research does not prove that the early Moon or its stronger tidal influence was responsible. Other environments, including hydrothermal vents, remain important possibilities.
Still, the question made me look at the Moon a little differently.
And somehow that led me to one final question.
Not simply Earth with a darker night.
The Sun would still create tides, but the tidal environment would be different.
Earth's rotational history would also have been different because the Moon's tidal influence has helped slow our planet down.
The Moon also contributes to stabilizing Earth's axial tilt. Without it, Earth's long-term climate history could have developed differently, although research suggests this is more complicated than simply saying a moonless Earth would be chaotic or uninhabitable.
So I don't think we can say:
"Without the Moon, we wouldn't be here."
We don't know that.
But we can say something I find more interesting:
Without the Moon, Earth wouldn't simply be today's Earth minus the Moon.
Its tides, rotation and long-term development would have followed a different path — and life would have evolved under those different conditions.
What started as a simple question about an eclipse ended up changing the way I look at the Moon.
I knew it affected tides, of course. What I had never really thought about was how much closer it once was, how strongly it has shaped Earth's rotation, and how different our planet's history might have been without it.
The part that stayed with me most is the timing of all of this.
The Moon used to appear much larger in our sky. One day, far in the future, it will appear too small to completely cover the Sun.
And we happen to live somewhere in between — during a period when the Moon and Sun look almost perfectly matched from Earth.
Maybe that's why the upcoming eclipse suddenly feels like more than just an interesting event in the sky.
It feels like a brief glimpse of a relationship between Earth, Moon and Sun that has been changing for billions of years.
On August 12, I think that's what I'll be thinking about when I look up.
Which part of the Earth-Moon relationship surprises you most?
I selected and read the original NASA article myself. The questions in this post came from things I genuinely wondered about while reading and researching it.
I used AI as a research companion to help investigate those questions, find additional sources, compare information and organize the results. It also helped me turn my notes and thoughts into clearer English.
The questions, opinions and personal reactions are my own.
