Respiration is a process used by cells to change nutrients, usually glucose, into energy into ATP. This process occurs in three main stages, involving glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport system.
Glycolysis can occur without oxygen and is the first step in respiration. It takes place in the cytosol or cytoplasm and involves the conversion of one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. There are ten steps involved in the breakdown of glucose, with the end result being pyruvate and a net of two ATP molecules. The pyruvate then enters the mitochondrion, where it is converted into Acetyl CoA by the removal of one carbon and two oxygen atoms from each pyruvate molecule.
During the Krebs cycle, Acetyl CoA is broken down by oxidation. Resulting in the production of six NADH, two FADH, and two ATP molecules, as well as the waste products H2O and CO2. The electron transport chain is the process by which majority of the potential energy contained in glucose is released, as it results in the production of 32-34 ATP molecules.
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