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The Ethical or Political Politics of Reply is a thought that states that the colonial government holds moral responsibility for the welfare of the bumiputera. This thinking is a critique of the politics of forced cultivation. The emergence of ethics pioneered by Pieter Brooshooft (journalist De Locomotief) and C.Th. van Deventer (politician) turned the eyes of the colonial government to pay more attention to the fate of the underdeveloped bumiputera.
On September 17, 1901, the newly uprising Queen Wilhelmina insisted in the opening speech of the Dutch Parliament that the Dutch government had a moral and indebted call (een eerschuld) to the bumiputera people of the Indies. Queen Wilhelmina poured the moral call into ethical political policy, which is summarized in the Triassic Van deventer program which includes:
Irrigation (irrigation), build and repair irrigation and dams for agricultural purposes.
Immigration that invites residents to transmigrate.
Education is broadening in the field of teaching and education.
Many have connected this new policy of Dutch politics with Van Deventer's thought and writings published some time before, so that Van Deventer came to be known as the originator of this ethical policy.
The first and second policies were abused by the Dutch Government by building irrigation for the Dutch plantations and emigration was done by moving the population to the Dutch plantation area to be forced laborers. Only a meaningful education for the Indonesian nation.
The influence of ethical politics in the field of teaching and education was instrumental in the development and expansion of education and teaching in the Indies. One of the most important ethical groups in this field is Mr. J.H. Abendanon (1852-1925), a Minister of Culture, Religion, and Crafts for five years (1900-1905). Since 1900 this has stood the schools, both for the prijaji and the ordinary people who are almost equally distributed in the regions.
Meanwhile, in society there has been a sort of mental exchange between the Dutch and the bumiputera people. Ethical supporters of politics are concerned about bumiputera who get socio-cultural discrimination. To achieve that goal, they tried to awaken the bumiputera to escape the feudal fetters and to develop themselves according to the Western model, which included the process of emancipation and demanding education toward self-help